In medicine the sign "#" is sometimes used to indicate a fracture, i.e. a broken bone.
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History
English physician "Percivall Pott" experienced this injury in 1765 and described his clinical findings in a paper published in 1769.
The term "Dupuytren fracture" refers to the same mechanism, and it is named for "Guillaume Dupuytren".
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The "Maisonneuve fracture" is a spiral fracture of the proximal third of the fibula associated with a tear of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and the interosseous membrane. There is an associated fracture of the medial malleolus or rupture of the deep deltoid ligament. This type of injury can be difficult to detect. The Maisonneuve fracture is similar to the Galeazzi fracture fracture in the sense that there is an important ligamentous disruption in association with the fracture. The fracture is named after the surgeon "Jules Germain François Maisonneuve".
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Pott's fracture
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English physician "Percivall Pott" experienced this injury in 1765 and described his clinical findings in a paper published in 1769.
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My photographs are primarily a documentation of a physical evolution. I have changed a common object into sculpture in a state of flux. The way we choose to research and find information is also in an evolution. I hope to raise questions about these changes, the ephemeral and "fragile" nature in which we now obtain knowledge, and the future of books.
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Climbing a waterfall ? During the winter, some of them freeze solid. Using the cold mountain tools such as ice axes and crampons opens then a whole new world of strange and ephemeral beauty made of curtains, stalactites, columns, and cauliflowers. But beware, it is cold, steep, and sometimes fragile...
If It's Fragile, It will Break (Naturally)
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Take the word "break", for example. "Break" is a native English word, which is to say that it can be traced all the way back to the ultimate linguistic ancestor of English, Proto-Indo-European, where it's reconstructed as "*bhreg-". The word exists elsewhere in the Indo-European family of languages, but for our purposes the interesting remnant of "*bhreg-" is in Latin, where it develops into the word "frangere" "to break", which in some forms appears as "frag-", without the "n". Latin/French forms of this word have been incorporated into English in many forms, which now stand alongside the native English word "break". For example, "fragile" and "frangible" are Latin/French equivalents of the native "breakable". Also, "fraction", "fragment", "fracture", "refract" and a whole list of other words which reflect the Latin "frag-", "frang-".
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Fragment | Fragmentak | Fragmental | Fragmentarily | Fragmentariness | Fragmentary | fragmentation | fragmentation bomb | Fragmented | fragmentise | Fragmentist | fragmentize
THE POETRY OF ETYMOLOGY.
An excerpt from "Threshing the Word: Sappho and a Particle Physics of Language," by Meredith Stricker (in the Spring 2003 issue of Ploughshares):
Delving into the fibers and roots of the word fragment
[Sappho’s emblem, her surviving] first unbinds
the alliterative ...
Safinah Fragment
Environmental Terminology and Discovery Service (ETDS)
Definition (english only)
The breaking-up of continuous tracts of ecosystems creating barriers to migration or dispersal of organisms and reducing the size of homogenous areas. "Fragmentation" may be induced by human activities (e.g. road infrastructures, dams) or by natural processes.
Translations of "fragmentation":
Bulgarian: ???, ???, ??? ?? ??? Czech: fragmentace Danish: fragmentering Dutch: fragmentatie English: fragmentation Estonian: killustumine Finnish: ekosysteemialueiden pirstoutuminen French: fragmentation German: Zerschneidung Greek: ?atateµa??sµ?? Hungarian: {NATBIO} fragmentáció Icelandic: sundrun (vistkerfa) Italian: frammentazione Latvian: fragmentacija Lithuanian: fragmentacija Norwegian: fragmentering Polish: fragmentacja Portuguese: fragmentação Romanian: Fragmentare Slovak: fragmentácia Slovenian: fragmentacija Spanish: fragmentación Swedish: fragmentering
DEFINITION
"Fragmentation" refers to the case where most individuals within a taxon are found in small and relatively isolated sub-populations, which increases the probability that these small sub-populations will become extinct and the opportunities for re-establishment are limited.
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defragmentation | Desfragmentación | fragmento | fragmentación | defragmentación
The Ministry of Type on Fraktur mon Amour, a blackletter compendium.
Illustrated Family Record (Fraktur) Found in Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty-Land-Warrant Application File W3079, for Philip Frey, Pennsylvania
"OSPREY", or "Ospray", a word said to be corrupted from "Ossifrage" Lat. "ossifraga", "bone-breaker". The "Ossifraga" of Pliny (H.N. x. 3) and some other classical writers seems to have been the "Lammergeyer"; but the name, not inapplicable in that case, has been transferred to another bird which is no breaker of bones, save incidentally those of the fishes it devours.
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The term "osprey", applied to the nuptial plumes of the egrets in the feather trade ("Reiherfederbusch"), is derived from the French "esprit"; it has nothing to do with the "osprey bird", and its use has been supposed to be due to a confusion with "spray". (A. N.)
Osprey or Ospray (a corruption of Latin ossifragus, the bone-breaker)
"OSPREY", or "Ospray", a word said to be corrupted from "Ossifrage" Lat. "ossifraga", "bone-breaker". The "Ossifraga" of Pliny (H.N. x. 3) and some other classical writers seems to have been the "Lammergeyer"; but the name, not inapplicable in that case, has been transferred to another bird which is no breaker of bones, save incidentally those of the fishes it devours.
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The term "osprey", applied to the nuptial plumes of the egrets in the feather trade ("Reiherfederbusch"), is derived from the French "esprit"; it has nothing to do with the "osprey bird", and its use has been supposed to be due to a confusion with "spray". (A. N.)
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1995 wurde das Wellenkraftwerk "Osprey" vor der Küste Schottlands von schlechtem Wetter zerstört, noch bevor es in Betrieb gehen konnte. Limpe Land sollte widerstandsfähiger sein.
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Osprey Cam
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Background Info:
Since 2001, the Friends of Blackwater have been broadcasting live images from a camera located on a man-made Osprey platform at Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge. The platform is approximately 35-feet tall and is situated alongside the Blackwater River, which is where the ospreys fish for their meals. Behind the Osprey Cam (and visible on the cam image) is the refuge Visitor Center where visitors can watch live video from the Osprey Cam.
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Osprey or Ospray (a corruption of Latin ossifragus, the bone-breaker)
Die "Refraction", plur. die -en, aus dem Lat. "Refractio", in der Optik, die Abweichung der Lichtstrahlen von ihrem vorigen Wege, wenn sie durch Körper von verschiedener Dichtigkeit gehen; die Strahlenbrechung. Von welchem Brechen auch das Zeitwort "refringiren", aus dem Lat. "refringere", üblich ist.
"frango", "fregi", "fractum", "frangere":
"fraction", "fractional", "fracture", "fragile", "fragment", "fragmentary", "frail", "frailty", "fritter (a fragment)", "infraction", "infringe", "infringement", "refract", "refraction", "refractory"
Refraction patterns made by light passing through various glass and transparent objects
GALLERY OF FLUID DYNAMICS
One of the most attractive features of fluid mechanics is the beauty of the flows one encounters. Whether one is observing vortex streets, the potential flow around an airfoil or body, shock "refraction" or "diffraction", or waves breaking on a beach the aesthetic appeal of fluid mechanics is impossible to deny.
Jesse Zanzinger took some water and oil, put it over Sesame Street's Pinball Number Count and filmed the results.
Refraction - The Alphabet
by Jesse Zanzinger
A follow up refraction experiment featuring the Alphabet spoken by the late GREAT Richard Pryor. Mixed with Blockhead's "Coloringbook".
"frango", "fregi", "fractum", "frangere":
"fraction", "fractional", "fracture", "fragile", "fragment", "fragmentary", "frail", "frailty", "fritter (a fragment)", "infraction", "infringe", "infringement", "refract", "refraction", "refractory
(E?)(L?) http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/chemistry/Refractory.html
"refractory" n. [L. "re", "back"; "frangere", "break"]
1. Not readily infectible; not amenable to therapy.
2. Unresponsive; the intermission after excitation during which repetition of the stimulus fails to induce a response in nerves.
refreindre, refraindre; refrener, refreiner, refreignier
v.a. to check, restrain: covient que le rey eit pité en sey et q'il "refreyne" son corous et atempre Secr2 5.25; Dieu nos ferra grace et "refreindra" sa verge corrective Lett & Pet 172.66; pur "refreindre" la malice des ditz servantz Rot Parl1 ii 233; il quydast "refrener" l'Escot, ki plus ne moverayt LANGT i 316;
v.refl. to hold back, refrain (from): cels deivent destreindre e justisier Qui ne se volent "refrener" de pecchier Rom rom 804; et pour ce pourpansez et "refrainez" vous de tels malfais SAMPS1409; li sage home se "refreint" de fere mal Parab 50.
"O'erword", "Oerword", the refrain; catchword.
OISR.ORG POSTER EXHIBITION
Industrial Welfare Association Posters
(Text on top) Refrain from insobriety
(Text at bottom): Your work is plenty and serious.
1929
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(Latin used two different words for "stone" and "gallstone" - "saxum" and "calculus").
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Origin: 1400–50; late Middle English, Latin "saxifraga" ( herba ) "stone-breaking" (herb), equivalent to "saxi-", combining form of "saxum" "stone" + "-fraga", feminine of "-fragus" "breaking"; see "fragile"
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(E?)(L?) http://encyclopedie.uchicago.edu/node/142
- 1) Ancien terme de médecine. Propre à dissoudre la pierre ; on dit aujourd'hui lithontriptique.
- 2) Genre de la famille des saxifragées où l'on distingue : la saxifrage ombreuse, appelée généralement aigrette par les jardiniers ; ...
- 3) Saxifrage, nom donné à une ombellifère, le pimpinella saxifraga.
- 4) Saxifrage maritime, nom donné parfois au crithme maritime, ombellifères, dit aussi rompt-pierre, casse-pierre et, absolument, la saxifrage.
- 5) Saxifrage tubéreuse, nom donné par les jardiniers à une plante du Cap, crassulacées, LEGOARANT.
"Steinbrech", "Saxifraga" Linn., eine Pflanzengattung, welche in die zweite Ordnung der zehnten Klasse (Decandria Monogynia) des Linnéischen Pflanzensystems gehört. Diese Pflanze hat ihren Namen von "Saxum", "der Stein", und "frangere", "zerbrechen", weil, nach dem Bauhin oder Bauhinius, ihr Saft den Stein in der Blase zermalmen soll; allein Andere wollen diesen Namen daher leiten, weil die meisten Arten dieser Pflanzengattung, die eine sehr reichhaltige Sippe ausmacht, auf den Felsen und Steinklippen wachsen und gleichsam durch die Ritzen des Gesteins dringen. Der Steinbrech hat folgenden Charakter: der Kelch ist fünfspaltig oder theilig und bleibend, die Krone hat fünf Blumenblätter. Die in zwei Zellen getheilte zweihörnige Samenfrucht, welche sich an der Spitze öffnet, enthält viele kleine Samen. Dieses Geschlecht oder diese Sippe ist, wie schon bemerkt worden, sehr zahlreich. Linné hat sie in seinem Systeme in vier Ordnungen aufgeführt:Die bemerkenswerthesten Arten dieser Pflanzensippe sind:
- a) mit ungetheilten Blättern und einem fast nackten Stengel (Foliis indivisis, canle subnudo).
- b) Mit ungetheilten Blättern und einem beblätterten Stengel (Foliis indivisis, caule folioso).
- c) Mit lappigen Blättern und aufrechten Stengeln (Foliis lobatis, caulibus erectis).
- d) Mit lappigen Blättern und gestreckten Stengeln (Foliis lobatis, caulibus procumbentibus).
Diese hier angeführten Steinbrecharteu sind unter der großen Anzahl dieser Pflanzensippe diejenigen, welche am meisten in Deutschlands Gärten wegen ihrer Dauerhaftigkeit als Zierpflanzen gezogen werden, und einige auch in dem Zimmergarten, wie z. B. Nr. 1, 2, 5, 6, 7 etc. Die übrigen hier nicht angeführten Steinbrecharten findet man in dem vollständigen Lexicon der Gärtnerei und Botanik von Dietrich, und in den Nachträgen zu diesem Lexicon. ...
- 1) Der körnige Steinbrech, wegen seiner körnigen Wurzel so genannt, weißer Steinbrech, Saxifraga granulata, foliis caulinis reniformibus lobatis, caule ramoso, radice granulata. Linn. Spec. plant. Tom. 1. p. 576. Saxifraga rotundifolia alba. Bauh. pin. p. 309. Fr. Saxifrage grenu on blanc. Engl. Saxgreen or common Saxifrage. ...
- 2) Der nabelkrautartige Steinbrech, gänsezungenblättrige Steinbrech, Saxisraga Cotyledon, foliis radicatis aggregatis lingulatis cartilagineo-serratis, caule paniculato. Linn. Spec. plant. Tom I., p. 570. Saxifraga pyramidalis Lapeyr., monogr. Sanicula montana crenata, solio longore, pediculo folioso. Pluk. alm. 331, t. 222, f. I. Saxisraga sedi folio. Tournes. inst. 252. Sedum serratum album bicorne, marginibus argenteis. Moris. hist. 3, p. 478, s. 12, t. 9, f. 19, 20. Fr. Saxifrage pyramidale; Engl. Long-leav' d pyramidal Saxisrage. ...
- 3) Der traubenblüthige Steinbrech, von Einigen auch Immergrün=Steinbrech genannt, Saxifraga Aizoon Jacq. Austr. 5, t. 438. Saxisraga Aizoon, foliis radicalibus inorbem positis. ...
- 4) Der dickblättrige Steinbrech, der große Steinbrech, Saxifraga crassifolia, foliis ovalibus retusis obsolete serratis petiolatis, caule nudo, panicula conglomerata. Linn. Spec. plant., Tom I., p. 573. Saxifraga foliis ovalibus crenulatis, caulibus nudis. Gmel. Fr. Saxifrage de Siberie; Engl. Thick-leav' d Saxifrage. ...
- 5) Der Immergrün=Steinbrech, immergrüne Steinbrech, Saxifraga aizoides, foliis caulinis lineari-subulatis sparsis nudis inermibus, caulibus decumbentibus. Linn. Spec. plant. Tom. I, p. 576. Sedum alpinum, flore pallido. Bauh. pin. 284; Moris. hist. 3. p. 477. s. 12, t. 6, f. 3. Sedum minus VI Clus. hist. 2. p. 60.; Fr. Saxifrage Pervenche; Engl. ...
- 6) Der punktirte Steinbrech, das Jehova=Blümchen, Saxifraga punctata, foliis subrotundis dentatis longius petiolatis, caule nudo. Linn. Spec. plant., Tom I., p. 574. Sedum bicorne serratum, pallidiore folio rotundiore, floribus punctatis, Moris. hist. 3. p. 478. s. 12, t. 9, s. 17; Fr. Saxifrage ponctue; Engl. Punctate Saxifrage. ...
- 7) Der wuchernde Steinbrech, der rankende Chinesische Steinbrech, Saxifraga sarmentosa Linn. Suppl. p. 240. Schreb. monogr. Dionaea. t. 2, 3. Saxifraga stolonifera. Jacq. ic. rar. 1. t. 80. Saxifraga ligulata. Murrey in comment. goett. 1781 t. 1. ...
- 8) Der schattenliebende Steinbrech, Saxifraga umbrosa, foliis obovatis subretusis cartilagineo-crenatis, caule nudo paniculato. Linn. Spec. plant. Tom. I., pag. 574. Geum folio subrotundo minori, pistillo floris rubro. Magn. hort. 88, t. 8. Mill. ic. 141, f. 2. ...
- 9) Der zwiebeltragende Steinbrech, Saxisraga bulbisera, soliis caulinis palmato-lobatis, caulinis sessilibus, caule ramoso bulbisero. Linn. Spec. plant. Tom I., p. 577. Saxifraga bulbosa Col. ecphr. I, p. 318, t. 317. Saxisraga ad solia bulbos gerens. Banh. pin. 309. Sedum bicorne, rotundifolium erectum, radice granulata et ad caulem tubercula proserens. Moris. hist. 3, p. 474, s. 12, t. 9, f. 24. ...
- 10) Der liegende Steinbrech, der schmalblättrige Steinbrech, Saxisraga hypnoides, foliis caulinis linearibus integris trisidisve, stolonibus procumbentibus, caule erecto nudiusculo. Linn. Spec. plant. Tom I., p. 579. Saxifraga hypnoides, soliis omnibus Augustis petiolatis, apice tridentatis, caule folioso ramoso viscido. Hall. helv. p. 404. Sedum alpinum, trifido folio. Bauh. pin. 284. Moris. hist. 3, p. 479, s. 12, t. 9, f. 26. Saifraga muscosa. Tournef. herb. et inst. ...
- 11) Der keilblättrige Steinbrech, Saxifraga cuneifolia, foliis cuneiformibus obtusissimis repandis, caule nudo paniculato. Linn. Spec. plant. Tom I., p. 574. Cotyledon altera olim matthioli. Bauh. hist. 3, p. 684. Cotyledon aut Sedi species quaedam. Gesn. fasc. 19, t. 12, f. 37; Engl. Wedge-leav' d Saxifrage. ...
- 12) Der rasenbildende Steinbrech, Saxifraga caespitosa, foliis radicalibus aggregatis linearibus integris, trifidisque, caule erecto subnudo subbisloro. Linn. Spec. plant. Tom I., p. 578. Saxifraga foliis simplicibus et trisidis, caule paene aphyllo-paucisloro. Hall. helv. 405. Opus. 291, t. I, f. 1. Saxifraga foliis partim integris, partim trisidis Segu. ver. 451, t. 9, f. 4. Sedum tridactylites alpinum minus. Bauh. pin., p. 284. Prodr. p. 131. Sedum Moschatella-alpina lutea. Gesn. sasc. 25, t. 6. f. 31. Saxifraga pyrenaica. Tourns. inst. p. 253. Saxifraga muscoides. Jacq. misc. 2, p. 123. Lapeyr. monogr. Saxifr. t. 36. ...
- 13) Der Sedumartige Steinbrech, Saxifraga sedoides, foliis caulinis aggregatis alternis oppositisque sublanceolatis, flore pedunculato. Linn. Spec. plant. Tom I., p. 572. Saxifraga alpina minima, foliis ligulatis in orbem actis, flore ochro<172, 262>leuco. Segu. veron., p. 450, t. 9, s. 4. Engl. Orpine-leav' d Saxifrage. ...
- 14) Der veränderte Steinbrech, Saxifraga mutata, foliis radicalibus aggregatis lingulatis cartilagineo-serratis, caule racemoso Linn. Spec. plant. Tom I., p. 570. Saxifraga mutata, foliorum ora cartilaginea. Hall. helv. t. 16. ...
- 15) Der bisamduftige Steinbrech, Saxifraga moschata; Wuls. in Jacq. misc. 2. t. 21. Saxifraga cxarata Allion. pedemont. t. 88. s. 2. Tri<172, 263>dactylites alpina. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 754. ...
- 16) Der lebermoosartige Steinbrech, Saxifraga muscoides Wulf. in Iacq. misc. 2. p. 125. Saxifraga caespitosa Scop. carn. t. 14. ...
- 17) Der storchschnabelartige Steinbrech, Saxifraga geranioides Gmel. sib. 4, p. 171. Saxifraga Pyrenaica tridactylites latifolia. Tournef. herb. et inst. 253. Saxifraga cantabrica. Tournes. inst. 23. Engl. Cranebill-leav' d Saxifrage. ...
- 18) Der cist enblättrige Steinbrech, der bocksartige Steinbrech, Saxifraga Hirculus, foliis caulinis lanceolatis alternis nudis inermibus, caule erccto. Linn. Spec. plant. Tom I., p. 576. Saxifraga Hirculus petalis latissimis luteis lineatis. Hall. helv. 399. t. 8. Geum palustre luteum bicorne, nardi celticae similis. Moris. hist. 3, p. 477. Chamae Cistus frisicus, foliis nardi celticae. Bauh. pin. 466. Hirculus qui Chamae Cisti genus. Clus. cur. 5. Engl. Marsh Saxifrage. ...
- 19) Der Pensylvanische Steinbrech, Saxifraga Pensylvanica, foliis lanceolatis denticulatis, caule nudo paniculato, floribus subcapitatis. Linn. Spec. plant. Tom I., p. 571. Saxifraga noveboracensis. Cold. noveb. 105. Saxifraga pensylvanica, floribus muscosis racemosis. Dill. elth. 337. t. 253., f. 328. Sanicula virginiana alba. Pluk alm. t. 59, f. 1 et t. 222, f. 5. Engl. Pensylvanian Saxifrage. ...
- 20) Der rundblättrige Steinbrech, Saxifraga rotundifolia, foliis caulinis reniformibus dentatis petiolatis, caule paniculato. Linn. Spec. plant. Tom I., p. 576. Sanicula montana, rotundifolia major. Bauh. pin. 243. Sanicula alpina. Cam. epit. 764. Gesn. fasc. 19. t. 10, f. 25. Lapeyrouse Saxifr. t. 22. Engl. Round-leav' d Saxifrage. ...
- 21) Der paarblättrige Steinbrech, der Steinbrech mit entgegengesetzten Blättern, Saxifraga oppositifolia, foliis caulinis ovatis oppositis imbricatis, summis ciliatis. Linn. Spec. plant. Tom. I. p. 575. Sedum alpinum ericoides purpurascens. Bauh. pin. 284; prodr. 132. Moris. hist. 3. p. 480. s. 12. t. 10. s. 36. Lapeyrouse Saxifr. t. 19; Engl. Opposit-leav' d Saxisrage. ...
- 22) Der Schneesteinbrech, Saxifraga nivalis, foliis obovatis crenatis subsessilibus, caule nudo, floribus congestis. Linn. Spec. plant. Tom. I. p. 573. Saxifraga nivalis, foliis cordato-ovalibus crenatis, corolla alba, caule hirsuto aphyllo. Gron. virg. 160. Sempervivum minus dentatum. Mart. Spitzb. 43. t. F. s. A. ...
- 23) Der Herbststeinbrech, Saxifraga autumnalis, foliis caulinis linearibus alternis ciliatis, radicalibus aggregatis. Linn. Spec. plant. Tom I. p. 575. Saxifraga (autumnalis) foliorum, margine ciliat., floribus luteis maculosis. Hall. helv. 399; nach Dietrich ist es Nr. 970. Saxifraga (autumnalis) ellipticis ciliatis. Sedum alpinum, floribus luteis maculosis. Bauh. pin. 284. Sedum angustifolium autumnale, flore luteo guttato. Moris. hist. 3. p. 477. s. 12. t. 8. f. 6. ...
- 24) Der bläuliche Steinbrech, Saxifraga caesia, foliis linearibus subtus punctatis aggregatis recurvatis, caule nudo, multifloro. Linn. Spec. plant. Tom I. p. 571. Saxifraga recurvifolia. Lapeyrouse Monogr. Saxifr. Saxifraga rosulis densissimis, foliis crassis glaucis repandis, subtus sulcatis. Hall. helv. 402. Saxifraga alpina minima. Tournef. herb. et instut. 253. Segu. veron. t. 9. f. 2. ...
- 25) Der moosartige Steinbrech, Saxifraga bryoides, foliis ciliatis inflexis imbricatis, caule nudiusculo unifloro. Linn. Spec. plant. Tom I., p. 572. Saxifraga Pyrenaica minima. Tournes. herb. et inst. 253. Sedum muscosum. Scheuchz. alp. 142. t. 21. f. 2. Engl. Bryum Saxifrage. ...
- 26) Der Sibirische Steinbrech, Saxifraga Sibirica, foliis reniformibus palmatis pilosis, caule pedunculisque filisormibus. Linn. Spec. plant. Tom I., p. 577. ...
- 27) Der sternförmige Steinbrech, Saxifraga stellaris. Oed. Fl. dan. t. 23. Jacq. Collect. I. t. 13. Sanicula myosotis. Plukn. alm. t. 58. f. 2. et t. 222. Sedum montanum hirsutum Moris. hist. 3. s. 12. t. 9. f. 13. ...
- 28) Der wasserliebende Steinbrech, Saxifraga aquatica Lapeyrouse Monograph. Saxifr. t. 24. Saxifraga petraea. Gouan illustrat. 29, t. 17. Sedum tridactylites. Bauh. prodr. 131. Engl. Water Saxifrage. ...
- 29) Der aufwärtssteigende Steinbrech, Saxifraga adscendens. Vahl. in Act. Hist. Nat. Haf. 2. p. 12. ...
- 30) Der aufrechte Steinbrech, Saxifraga recta. Lapeyrouse Saxifr. t. 15. Saxifraga Cotyledon minor, foliis subrotundis serratis. Bauh. pin. 285; prodr. 133. Saxifraga sedisolia. Tournef. herb. et inst. 252. Sedum pyrenaeum. Hort. Blesens. herb. de Vaillant. ...
- Steinbrech (aufrechter), Saxifraga recta, s. oben, unter Steinbrech, S. 270.
- Steinbrech (aufwärtssteigender), Saxifraga adscendens, s. daselbst.
- Steinbrech (bisamduftender), Saxifraga moschata, s. daselbst, S. 262.
- Steinbrech (bläulicher), Saxifraga caesia, s. daselbst, S. 267.
- Steinbrech (bocksartiger), s. cistenblättriger Steinbrech oder Steinbrech (cistenblättriger).
- Steinbrech (chinesischer rankender), s. Steinbrech (wuchernder).
- Steinbrech (cistenblättriger), bocksartiger Steinbrech, Saxifraga Hirculus, s. oben, S. 264.
- Steinbrech (dickblättriger), großer Steinbrech, Saxifraga crassifolia, s. daselbst, S. 254.
- Steinbrech (dreitheiliger), Sedum trydactylites, s. S. 270.
- Steinbrech (entgegengesetztblättriger), s. paarblättriger Steinbrech.
- Steinbrech
- Steinbrech (aufrechter)
- Steinbrech (aufwärtssteigender)
- Steinbrech (bisamduftender)
- Steinbrech (bläulicher)
- Steinbrech (bocksartiger)
- Steinbrech (chinesischer rankender)
- Steinbrech (cistenblättriger)
- Steinbrech (dickblättriger)
- Steinbrech (dreitheiliger)
- Steinbrech (entgegengesetztblättriger)
- Steinbrech (Felsen=)
- Steinbrech (gänsezungenblättriger)
- Steinbrech (gemeiner weißer)
- Steinbrech (großer=)
- Steinbrech (Herbst=)
- Steinbrech (Immergrün=)
- Steinbrech (immergrüner)
- Steinbrech (keilblättriger)
- Steinbrech (Klippen=)
- Steinbrech (körniger)
- Steinbrech (lebermoosartiger)
- Steinbrech (liegender)
- Steinbrech (moosartiger)
- Steinbrech (nabelkrautartiger)
- Steinbrech (paarblättriger)
- Steinbrech (Pensylyanischer)
- Steinbrech (punktirter)
- Steinbrech (rasenbildender)
- Steinbrech (rundblättriger)
- Steinbrech (schattenliebender)
- Steinbrech (Schnee=)
- Steinbrech (schmalblättriger)
- Steinbrech (Sedumartiger)
- Steinbrech (Sibirischer)
- Steinbrech (sternförmiger)
- Steinbrech (storchschnabelartiger)
- Steinbrech (traubenblüthiger)
- Steinbrech (veränderter)
- Steinbrech (wasserliebender)
- Steinbrech (wuchernder)
- Steinbrech (zwiebeltragender)
Species: "Saxifragopsis fragarioides" "strawberry saxifrage"
"Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious" is an English word, with 34 letters, that was in the song with the same title in the 1964 Disney musical film Mary Poppins. The song was written by the Sherman Brothers, and sung by Julie Andrews and Dick Van Dyke. It also appears in the stage show version of Mary Poppins.
Since Mary Poppins was a period piece set in 1910, period sounding songs were wanted. "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious" sounds like contemporary music hall songs "Boiled Beef and Carrots" and "Any Old Iron".
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Origin
According to Richard M. Sherman, co-writer of the song with his brother, Robert, the word was created by them in two weeks, mostly out of double-talk.
The roots of the word have been defined as follows: "super-" "above", "cali-" "beauty", "fragilistic-" "delicate", "expiali-" "to atone", and "docious-" "educable", with the sum of these parts signifying roughly "Atoning for educability through delicate beauty." Although the word contains recognizable English morphemes, it does not follow the rules of English morphology as a whole. The morpheme "-istic" is a suffix in English, whereas the morpheme "ex-" is typically a prefix; so following normal English morphological rules, it would represent two words: "supercalifragilistic and expialidocious". The pronunciation also leans towards it being two words since, the letter "c" doesn't normally sound like a "k" when followed by an "e", an "i" or a "y".
According to the film, it is defined as "something to say when you have nothing to say".
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Legal action
In 1965, the song was the subject of an unsuccessful lawsuit by songwriters Gloria Parker and Barney Young against Wonderland Music, who published the version of the song from the Walt Disney film. The plaintiffs alleged that it was a copyright infringement of a 1951 song of their own called "Supercalafajalistickespeealadojus". Also known as "The Super Song", "Supercalafajalistickespeealadojus" was recorded by Alan Holmes and his New Tones on Columbia Records, vocal by Hal Marquess and the Holmes Men, music and lyrics by Patricia Smith (a Gloria Parker pen name). In addition, "Supercalafajalistickespeealadojus" was recorded on Gloro Records by The Arabian Knights. The Disney publishers won the lawsuit partially because affidavits were produced showing that "variants of the word were known ... many years prior to 1949".
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This word (lat. "sufragari") can be broken into "suf-" "under", "near" plus "fragor" "crash", "din", "shouts of approval". The English word acquired the Latin meaning "support", vote for" in the early to mid-16th century. The meaning it holds in the United States Constitution (1797) is the same as today's meaning, "the right to vote".
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If It's Fragile, It will Break (Naturally)
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A really interesting one is the form "suffragette", a female advocate of voting rights for women (i.e. "suffrage"). Most people who have ever thought about this word would probably connect it with "suffer" in the sense of "endure". But in fact it's from Latin "suffragium" (i.e. "suf-frag-ium") "a voting tablet", which probably got its name because people used a broken piece of tile to cast their ballot. So there you have it: "break", "fragile", "frangible", "fraction" and even "suffrage" all from the same ultimate source ("*bhreg-") their connections concealed by their different forms in different languages.
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According to Falconer, one of the essential features of a fractal is that its Hausdorff dimension strictly exceeds its topological dimension. Presented here is a list of fractals ordered by increasing Hausdorff dimension, with the purpose of visualizing what it means for a fractal to have a low or a high dimension.
Contents...
- 1 Deterministic fractals
- 2 Random and natural fractals
- 3 See also
- 4 Notes and references
- 5 Further reading
- 6 External links
Hausdorff dimension (approx.) Name 0.538 Feigenbaum attractor 0.6309 Cantor set 0.6942 Asymmetric Cantor set 0.69897 Real numbers with even digits 0.88137 Spectrum of Fibonacci Hamiltonian 0<D<1 Generalized Cantor set 1 Smith-Volterra-Cantor set 1 Takagi or Blancmange curve 1.0812 Julia set z² + 1/4 1.0933 Boundary of the Rauzy fractal 1.12915 contour of the Gosper island 1.2 Dendrite Julia set 1.2083 Fibonacci word fractal 60° 1.2108 Boundary of the tame twindragon 1.26 Hénon map 1.2619 Koch curve 1.2619 boundary of Terdragon curve 1.2619 2D Cantor dust 1.2683 Julia set z2 ? 1 1.3057 Apollonian gasket 1.328 5 circles inversion fractal 1.3934 Douady rabbit 1.4649 Vicsek fractal 1.4649 Quadratic von Koch curve (type 1) 1.5000 a Weierstrass function: 1.5000 Quadratic von Koch curve (type 2) 1.5236 Boundary of the Dragon curve 1.5236 Boundary of the twindragon curve 1.5849 3-branches tree 1.5849 Sierpinski triangle 1.5849 Sierpinski arrowhead curve 1.5849 Boundary of the T-Square fractal 1.61803 a golden dragon 1.6309 Pascal triangle modulo 3 1.6309 Sierpinski Hexagon 1.6379 Fibonacci word fractal 1.6402 Attractor of IFS with 3 similarities of ratios 1/3, 1/2 and 2/3 1.6826 Pascal triangle modulo 5 1.7 Ikeda map attractor 1.7227 Pinwheel fractal 1.7712 Hexaflake 1.7848 Von Koch curve 85° 1.8272 A self-affine fractal set 1.8617 Pentaflake 1.8687 Monkeys tree 1.8928 Sierpinski carpet 1.8928 3D Cantor dust 1.8928 Cartesian product of the von Koch curve and the Cantor set 1.9340 Boundary of the Lévy C curve 1.974 Penrose tiling 2 Boundary of the Mandelbrot set 2 Julia set 2 Sierpinski curve 2 Hilbert curve 2 Peano curve 2 Moore curve 2 Lebesgue curve or z-order curve 2 Dragon curve 2 Terdragon curve 2 Gosper curve 2 Curve filling the Koch snowflake 2 Sierpinski tetrahedron 2 H-fractal 2 Pythagoras tree (fractal) 2 2D Greek cross fractal 2.01 ±0.01 Rössler attractor 2.06 ±0.01 Lorenz attractor 2.3219 Fractal pyramid 2.3296 Dodecahedron fractal 2.3347 3D quadratic Koch surface (type 1) 2.4739 Apollonian sphere packing 2.50 3D quadratic Koch surface (type 2) 2.5237 Cantor tesseract 2.5819 Icosahedron fractal 2.5849 3D Greek cross fractal 2.5849 Octahedron fractal 2.5849 von Koch surface 2.7268 Menger sponge 3 3D Hilbert curve 3 3D Lebesgue curve 3 3D Moore curve 3 3D H-fractal 3 Mandelbulb 0.5 Zeros of a Wiener process 0.7499 a random Cantor set with 50% - 30% 1.144... von Koch curve with random interval 1.25 Coastline of Great Britain 1.2619 von Koch curve with random orientation 1.333 Boundary of Brownian motion 1.333 2D polymer 1.333 Percolation front in 2D, Corrosion front in 2D 1.40 Clusters of clusters 2D 1.5 Graph of a regular Brownian function (Wiener process) 1.52 Coastline of Norway 1.55 Random walk with no self-intersection 1.66 3D polymer 1.70 2D DLA Cluster 1.7381 Fractal percolation with 75% probability 1.75 2D percolation cluster hull 1.8958 2D percolation cluster 2 Brownian motion Around 2 Distribution of galaxy clusters 2.33 Cauliflower 2.5 Balls of crumpled paper 2.50 3D DLA Cluster 2.50 Lichtenberg figure 2.5 regular Brownian surface 2.52 3D percolation cluster 2.66 Broccoli 2.79 Surface of human brain 2.97 Lung surface ε(0,2) Multiplicative cascade
Product Description
With contributions by researchers from India, Europe, North America and the Caribbean, "In Translation – Reflections, refractions, transformations" touches on questions of method and on topics – including copyright, cultural hybridity, globalization, identity construction, and minority languages – which are important for the disciplinary development of translation studies but also of interest to other fields as well, most notably comparative literature, cultural studies and world literature. The volume provides a forum for new voices to be heard alongside those of well-established scholars and for current concerns to express themselves, often focusing on practices in areas of the world other than Europe or North America, which have until now tended to dominate the field. Acknowledging difference and celebrating it, the contributions conceive of translation as a process which reconstitutes and transforms, which brings renewal and growth, an interaction in a new context, a new reading, a new writing.