Etymologie, Etimología, Étymologie, Etimologia, Etymology, Etimoloji
TR Türkei, Turquía, Turquie, Turchia, Turkey
Region, Región, Région, Regione, Region
Istanbul, Istanbul, Istanbul
(Istanbul, Istanbul, Istanbul)

A

Ali Sami Yen Stadium (W3)

"Ali Sami Yen Stadium", Istanbul, named for "Ali Sami Yen".

Atatürk International Airport (W3)

"Atatürk International Airport" (formerly "Yesilköy International Airport") (IATA: "IST", ICAO: "LTBA") (Turkish: "Atatürk Uluslararasi Havalimani") is the major international airport in Istanbul, Turkey. Opened in 1924 and located in Yesilköy, on the European side of the city, it is 24 km (15 mi) west of the city centre. In 1980, the airport was renamed to "Atatürk International Airport" in honor of "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk", the founder and the first president of the Republic of Turkey. With total passenger traffic of 30 million for the year 2009, it is among the top 40 airports in the world in terms of total passenger traffic and the 20th busiest in the world in terms of international passenger traffic. It is Europe's 9th busiest airport. See statistics below for more information.
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Atatürk Olympic Stadium (W3)

• "Atatürk Olympic Stadium", Istanbul, named for "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk".
• "Antalya Atatürk Stadium", Antalya, named for "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk".
• "Atatürk Stadyumu", Denizli, named for "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk".
• "Atatürk Stadyumu", Eskisehir, named for "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk".
• "Bursa Atatürk Stadyumu", Bursa, named for "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk".
• "Diyarbakir Atatürk Stadium", Diyarbakir, named for "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk".
• "Izmir Atatürk Stadyumu", Izmir, named for "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk".
• "Kayseri Atatürk Stadyumu", Kayseri, named for "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk".
• "Konya Atatürk Stadium", Konya, named for "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk".
• "Rize Atatürk Stadium", Rize, named for "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk".
• "Sakarya Atatürk Stadyumu", Sakarya, named for "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk".

B

BJK Inönü Stadium (W3)

"BJK Inönü Stadium", Istanbul, named for "Ismet Inönü".

Byzantinistik (W3)

Ausgangspunkt
Als "Konstantinopel", das heutige "Istanbul" und vormalige "Byzanz", 1453 schließlich nach langer Belagerung vor den Osmanen kapitulierte, verlor das christlich geprägte Abendland einen seiner bedeutendsten Kulturstifter. Hier hatte die Oströmische Kirche ihren Sitz, hier residierten die byzantinischen Kaiser, von hier gingen bedeutende Impulse für die abendländische Gesellschaft aus. Größer noch als der Einfluss der byzantinischen Geschichte auf das mittelalterliche deutsche Reich war die Wirkung auf die entstehenden slawischen Staaten, bei denen teilweise bis heute Spuren byzantinischer Kultur spürbar sind - nicht zuletzt in der religiösen Entwicklung, die in Ost- und Südosteuropa vielfach ihren Ausgang in Byzanz genommen hat.

Geschichte
Als wichtiger Wegbereiter der "Byzantinistik" gilt der Bibliothekar und Melanchthon-Schüler Hieronymus Wolf, ein Humanist der Renaissancezeit, der rund 100 Jahre nach der endgültigen Eroberung von "Byzanz" durch die Osmanen damit begann, Schriften byzantinischer Philosophen zu sammeln, zu übersetzen und zu veröffentlichen.

Begründer der "Byzantinistik" als selbständiger akademischer Disziplin ist Karl Krumbacher, der mit seiner 1891 erschienenen "Geschichte der byzantinischen Literatur" Maßstäbe setzte und - zumindest in der zweiten Fassung von 1897 - einen bis heute noch in Teilen aktuellen Grundstein für Studien der byzantinischen Literatur legte.

Gegenstand
Das akademische Fach begreift sich als interdisziplinärer Wissenschaftszweig und erforscht sowohl die Sprache als auch Literatur, Geschichte, Politik, Kultur und Wirtschaft des byzantinischen Reiches (330-1453). Auch die byzantinisch-orthodoxe Theologie ist Gegenstand der Forschung.

Die "neugriechische Philologie", die eng an die "Byzantinistik" angelehnt ist, beschäftigt sich mit der Entwicklung der griechischen Sprache und Geschichte seit dem 18. Jahrhundert.

Byzantinisches Reich (W3)

Byzanz, Byzantinum (W2)

• Alexios I. Komnenos, Kaiser v. Byzanz (1048-1118)
• Anastasios I., Kaiser v. Byzanz (518)
• Faustus v. Byzanz (4. Jh.)
• Irene Maria von Byzanz, Herzogin von Schwaben, deutsche Königin (1180-1208)
• Konstantin XI. (XII.) Dragases, Kaiser von Byzanz (1403-1453)
• Léonce, de Byzance siehe Leontius v. Byzanz
• Leontios von Byzanz
• Romanos I. Lakapenos, Kaiser von Byzanz (920-948)
• Theodotus von Byzanz (der Gerber) siehe Theodotus der Gnostiker

C

D

E

F

G

Galetas (W3)

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Du nom de la tour Galata, dressée à plus de 100 m de hauteur au point culminant de Constantinople.
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Quelle decheance! A l'origine, "galetas" est le nom d'une "tour de Constantinople". Puis ce mot vient a signifier un "appartement dans la maison des templiers", a la Cour des comptes, et une partie importante d'un grand chateau. La chute n'est pas encore complete; mais, au quinzieme siecle, le sens s'amoindrit; et, au seizieme, le "galetas" est devenu ce que nous le voyons. C'est bien la peine de venir des bords du Bosphore pour se degrader si miserablement. N'est-ce pas ainsi que l'on voit des familles descendre peu a peu des hauts rangs et se perdre dans la misere et l'oubli de soi-meme?

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4. Dans un certain nombre de mots, comme cadenas, cannelas, cervelas, cornillas, la désinence actuelle s'est substituée au suffixe at étudié § 131. Les autres noms en as, comme canevas, coutelas, galetas, etc., sont d'origine étrangère.
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H

I

Istanbul (AM)
Language of TR
Sprache von TR (W3)

Istanbul (W3)

Istanbul
Fantôme d'Orient (1ère partie)
Pierre Loti
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• 1973 Bosporus I (Bogaziçi) Istanbul, Turkey Bosporus Straits
• 1988 Bosporus II (Fatih Sultan Mehmet) Istanbul, Turkey Bosporus Straits

• Hagia Sofia (church, Istanbul, Turkey)
• Hagia Sophia (church, Istanbul, Turkey)
• Halic (waterway, Istanbul, Turkey)
• Imrahor, Mosque of (church, Istanbul, Turkey)
• Istanbul (Turkey)
• Istanbul Agreement (World War I)
• Istanbul Bogazi (strait, Turkey)

• Istanbul - "Festung Rumeli Hisari" - von Walter Schmunk und Bernd Steimann
• Istanbul - "Byzantinische Landmauer" - von Walter Schmunk

"Istanbul"
Turkish name of "Constantinople", a corruption of Greek phrase "eis tan (ten) polin" = engl. "into the city", which is how the local Greek population referred to it. Picked up in Turkish 16c., though Turkish folk etymology traces the name to "Islam bol" = engl. "plenty of Islam." Gk. "polis" = engl. "city" has been adopted into Turkish as a place-name suffix as "-bolu".

Hierarchical Position:

• World (facet)
• .... Asia (continent) (P)
• ........ Turkey (nation) (P)
• ............ Marmara (region) (P)
• ................ Istanbul (province) (P)

• Chinli Kiosk, by unknown, at Istanbul, Turkey, 1473.
• Coffee House on the Bosporus, by Sedad Eldem, at Istanbul, Turkey, 1948.
• Hagia Sophia, by Isidoros and Anthemios, at Istanbul, Turkey, 532 to 537.
• Mosque of Sultan Ahmed, by Sedefkar Mehmed Aga, at Istanbul, Turkey, 1610 to 1616.
• Social Security Offices, by Sedad Eldem, at Istanbul, Turkey, 1962 to 1964.
• Suleyman Mosque, by Sinan, at Istanbul, Turkey, 1551 to 1558.

Istanbul wurde insgesamt in 62 Büchern gefunden.

• 62 x in gesamter Datenbank
• 6 x im Titel
• 62 x im Handlungsort

Kulturhauptstädte 2010

• RUHR 2010 / Deutschland
• Pécs 2010 / Ungarn
• Istanbul 2010 / Türkei

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On "Istanbul", the more commonly accepted explanation these days is that it's derived directly from the Greek name "Konstantinopolis", but as Pospelov says, there's no actual evidence, and the forms are too divergent to allow us to simply assume the change. (The artificial Turkish form "Islambol" = "filled with Islam" is simply a folk etymology.)
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Synonymous: Triggers | Generalizes | Specializes | Comprises | Part of | Antonym of | Rhymes | Sounds like | Anagram of | Occupation of | Nationality of | Birth year of | Death year of | Bio triggers | Also known as

Words related to istanbul: | constantinople | stamboul | stambul | turkey | turkish | turkey's | haggadah | chechens | ankara | bosporus bridge | city | metropolis | urban center | boole | boule | bruehl | brule | buehl | buel | buhl | cool | coole | drool | duell | dule | fool | hoole | joule | juel | jule | kool | kreul | luelle | muehl | mule | pool | poole | poul | raul | reul | reule | rhule | ruel | rule | school | schuele | spool | sproule | sproull | spruell | spruiell | spruill | stool | tool | toole | tuel | tuell | tuyle | who'll | you'll | yuill | yuille | yule | abdul | baiul | cruel | drogoul | dual | fuel | gurule | home-school | jewel | makhoul | mccool | misrule | nepool | o'toole | preschool | rahul | rantoul | raoul | retool

"Byzance", "Constantinople", "Istanbul". Sous ces 3 noms, cette cité rivalisa longtemps avec les grandes capitale européennes. Baignée par le Bosphore et la Corne d’Or, à cheval entre Europe et Asie, cité trépidante et grouillante, Istanbul a conservé des monuments prestigieux comme Sainte Sophie ou la mosquée bleue. Les vestiges de l’antiquité côtoient l’art Byzantin et l’art Ottoman. Sirkei, où accostent les bateaux qui traversent le Bosphore est aussi l’endroit où le prestigieux Orient Express débarquait ses illustres voyageurs venus visiter cette ville mythique.
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1 Comprendre Istanbul

• Byzance la Grecque
• La rivale de Rome
• La prise par les croisés
• La conquête Ottomane
• Soliman et l'empire Ottoman
• Le déclin au XIX° siécle
• La capitale déchue

2 Que voir à Istanbul

• La pointe du sérail
• La basilique sainte Sophie
• La mosquée Bleue
• Les bazars
• Bayoglu et la tour de Galata
• Les derviches tourneurs
• Le Bosphore et la Corne d'Or

3 Istanbul en images

• Topkapi et le musée
• Les mosquées ottomanes
• Le Bosphore
• Le quartier du port
• Le Grand Bazar
• Les petits métiers d'Istanbul
• Scènes de rue

4 Istanbul pratique

• Quand partir ?
• Comment partir ?
• Formalités et douanes
• La monnaie turque
• Adresses utiles
• Cuisine et repas
• Les hôtels de charme

Suchergebnis für: "Istanbul"

• "Little Istanbul": Stadtteil in dem der Anteil an Türkischen Mitbürgern sehr hoch ist.
• "Klein Istanbul": So wird der Berliner Bezirk Kreuzberg genannt,weil man sich dort wie in der Türkei fühl...
• "Duistanbul": Stadtteile Duisburgs mit einem sehr hohen Bevölkerungsanteil anatolischer Migranten.

Istanbul, Turkey
Istanbul Guide | Must-Dos | Cultural Tips | Restaurants | Hotels | Photos | Quiz | Video: Tour of Istanbul | Article: City of the Future
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Stadt / Gemeinde in Istanbul, Türkei, Asien
Andere Namen: "Konstantinopel", "Byzanz", Lateinischer Name: "Constantinopolis"
Stadtbezirke: Eminönü, Fatih
Stadtteile: Beykoz, Kagithane, Mecidiyeköy

Bauwerke Name Jahr Zustand

• Abdi Ipekci Stadion 1986 in Nutzung
• AI Tower 2007 in Nutzung
• Akmerkez Tower 1 1992 in Nutzung
• Arap-Moschee in Nutzung
• Atatürk-Brücke 1939
• Atatürk-Stadion 2001 in Nutzung
• Atikalipasa-Moschee 1497 in Nutzung
• Avangarden-Eingangspavillion 2008 in Nutzung
• Bahnhof Sirkeci 1890
• Bank Ekspres Tower 1999 in Nutzung
• Bayezid II-Moschee 1505 in Nutzung
• Beyazit Residence 1999 in Nutzung
• Beyazit-Turm 1828 in Nutzung
• Beybi GIZ Plaza 1996 in Nutzung
• Beylerbeyi-Palast 1865 in Nutzung
• Bosphorus-Eisenbahntunnel 2008 im Bau
• Bosporus-Brücke 1974 in Nutzung
• Brücke über das Goldene Horn 1974
• Brücke über das Goldene Horn 1996
• Camlica-Fernsehturm 1972
• Cevahir-Einkaufszentrum 2005 in Nutzung
• Cisr-i Atik 1836 abgerissen
• Cisr-i Cedid 1845 abgerissen
• Cisr-i Cedid 1863
• Crowne Plaza Hotel 1989 in Nutzung
• Dolmabahçe Serayi 1856 in Nutzung
• Dolmabahçe-Moschee 1855 in Nutzung
• Endem-Fernsehturm 2002 in Nutzung
• Fatih Sultan Mehmet-Brücke 1988 in Nutzung
• Festung Rumeli-Hisar 1453
• Galata-Brücke 1875
• Galata-Brücke 1912 ausser Betrieb
• Galata-Brücke 1994 in Nutzung
• Galataturm 1349 in Nutzung
• Garanti Bank Headquarters 2002 in Nutzung
• Georgskirche in Nutzung
• Hagia Irene 740 in Nutzung
• Hagia Sophia 537 in Nutzung
• Harbiye Military Headquarters 1968 in Nutzung
• Haseki-Hürrem-Bäder 1557 in Nutzung
• Heilig-Geist-Kathedrale 1846 in Nutzung
• Inönü-Stadion 1947
• Isbank-Turm I 1996
• Isbank-Turm II 2000 in Nutzung
• Isbank-Turm III 2000 in Nutzung
• Istanbul Canyon 1 2006 in Nutzung
• IZ GIZ Plaza 2003 in Nutzung
• Kapali Çarsi in Nutzung
• Kaya Ramada Plaza Hotel 2002 in Nutzung
• Kleine Hagia Sophia
• Kozyatagi Business Center 2003 in Nutzung
• Kraftwerk Silahtaraga 1914 in Nutzung
• Leanderturm in Nutzung
• Maglova-Aquädukt 1562
• Maste der ersten Freileitungskreuzung des Bosporus 1957 in Nutzung
• Maste der zweiten Freileitungskreuzung des Bosporus 1983 in Nutzung
• Maya Tower 1 1992 in Nutzung
• Mesih Mehmed Pasa Camii 1585 in Nutzung
• Metrobrücke über das Goldene Horn 2010 im Bau
• Metrocity Millennium 1 2000 in Nutzung
• Metrocity Millennium 2 2000 in Nutzung
• Metrocity Millennium 3 2000 in Nutzung
• Mihrimah-Sultan-Moschee 1565 in Nutzung
• Mövenpick Hotel 2002 in Nutzung
• Nuruosmanyie-Moschee 1755 in Nutzung
• Ortaköy-Moschee 1854 in Nutzung
• Polaris Plaza 1998 in Nutzung
• Polat Renaissance Hotel 1990 in Nutzung
• Polat Tower Residence 2001 in Nutzung
• Sabanci Center I 1993
• Sabanci Center II 1993
• Selenium Residence 2004 in Nutzung
• Sheraton Istanbul Maslak 1992 in Nutzung
• Sisli Elit Residence 2000 in Nutzung
• Sisli Plaza 2007 in Nutzung
• Stadion Fenerbahce Istanbul 2003 in Nutzung
• Süleyman-Moschee 1557 in Nutzung
• Sultan-Ahmet-Moschee 1616 in Nutzung
• Sun Plaza 2005 in Nutzung
• Süzer Plaza Ritz-Carlton 1998 in Nutzung
• TAT Tower 1 2000 in Nutzung
• TAT Tower 2 2000 in Nutzung
• Tekfen Tower 2003 in Nutzung
• Tekstilkent Plaza 1 2000 in Nutzung
• Tekstilkent Plaza 2 2000 in Nutzung
• The Marmara Hotel 1969 in Nutzung
• Topkapi-Palast
• Tunnel unter dem Bosporus im Bau
• Unilever Plaza 1999 in Nutzung
• Valens-Aquädukt 378 verfallen
• Yapi Kredi Bank Headquarters 1999 in Nutzung
• Ziterne der tausendundein Säulen in Nutzung
• Zorlu Plaza 1999 in Nutzung

Großprojekte Name Jahr

• Flughafen Istanbul-Atatürk
• Füniküler Kabatas–Taksim 2006
• Greater Melen System
• Hochgeschwindigkeitsstrecke Ankara–Istanbul
• Isbank Towers
• Istanbul Park Circuit 2005
• Metro Kadiköy-Kartal 2012
• Sabanci Center 1993
• Standseilbahn Kabatas-Taksim 2006
• Tünel 1875

The "Istan-" in "Istanbul" is purely coincidental. Stories abound concerning this city's name. One, wrong though often repeated, is that it comes from "eis ten polin", Byzantine Greek for "to the city".
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Länderinformationen: Istanbul (Türkei)
Allgemeine Infos: Istanbul (Türkei)
Istanbul ist die wichtigste und größte Stadt der Türkei, ihr kulturelles und wirtschaftliches Zentrum. Die einstige "Perle des Orients" verwirrt den Neuankömmling mit ihrem lauten Trubel und berauscht seine Sinne mit unbekannten Eindrücken, Klängen und Gerüchen.
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• Istanbul, Turkey (Google Maps)
• Istanbul, Turkey (Lonely Planet)
• Istanbul, Turkey (New York Times)
• Istanbul, Turkey - Metro Area (Grid)

Suchergebnisse gefunden in Artikel / Eure Fragen (10)

• Warum bekam Konstantinopel den Namen Istanbul? ...i, Osman, Osmanisches Reich, türkisch, Atatürk, Istanbul, Balkan, Kalif, I...
• Warum ist das Ruhrgebiet eine Kulturhauptstadt? ...lturhauptstädte, Europa, Ungarn, Pécs, Türkei, Istanbul, Ruhrgebiet, Loveparade, Zeche, Kohle, Ru...
• Suleiman der Prächtige ...i, Osman, Osmanisches Reich, türkisch, Atatürk, Istanbul, Balkan, Urban, J...
• 1529: Die Türken belagern Wien ...i, Osman, Osmanisches Reich, türkisch, Atatürk, Istanbul, Balkan, Urban, J...
• Wie Kapstadt zur „Mutterstadt“ Südafrikas wur... ...a, Handelsroute, Indien, Türken, Istanbul, Skorbut, Pökelfleisch, Schiffszwieback,...
• Spannend: Der Große Preis der Türkei ...ennsaison 2005, Schumacher, Tilke, Hermann Tilke, Istanbul, Rennkurs, Rennstrecke,
• European Songcontest 2004: Max singt für uns in Istanbul
• Letzter Kalif in der Türkei Türkei, Osmanisches Reich, türkisch, Atatürk, Istanbul, Erster Weltkrieg, Kalif, Islam, Moslem,
• 125 Jahre Orient-Express - ein edles Reisevergn?... Orient, Orientexpress, Orient-Express, Paris, Istanbul, 5. Juni 1883, Luxuszug, Luxusreise.

• A Complete Portrayal of the Earth
• 1897, Arts Exhibition, Stockholm
• Wills Concerning the School in Gabrovo
• The Gabrovo School and Its First Trustees
• Accounts of the Executors of V.E. Aprilov Submitted to N.N. ...
• Baker Standing in Front of the "American Bakery," Ortaköy, Istanbul, ...
• Photo-Panoramic View of Constantinople
• Panorama of Constantinople, Taken from the Galata Tower

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"Istanbul" (Turkish: "Istanbul"), historically known as "Constantinople" (See Names of Istanbul for further information) is the largest city in Turkey and 5th largest city proper in the world with a population of 12.8 million, also making it the second largest metropolitan area in Europe by population, and the largest metropolitan city proper.
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During its long history, the city previously served as the capital city of the classical (330–395), "Byzantine" (395–1204 & 1261–1453), and "Latin" (1204–1261) Roman Empires and the Ottoman Empire (1453–1922), prior to the selection of Ankara as the capital of the new Republic of Turkey during the Turkish Civil War. The city was chosen as joint European Capital of Culture for 2010. Historic areas of Istanbul were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1985.[9]
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Toponymy
"Byzantium" (Greek: "Byzántion") is the first known name of the city. Around 660 BC, Greek settlers from the city-state of Megara founded a Doric colony on the present-day Istanbul, and named the new colony after their king, "Byzas". After "Constantine I" ("Constantine the Great") made the city the new eastern capital of the Roman Empire in 330 AD, the city became widely known as "Constantinopolis" or "Constantinople", which, as the Latinised form of "Konstantinoúpolis", means the "City of Constantine". He also attempted to promote the name "Nea Roma" ("New Rome"), but this never caught on. "Constantinople" remained the official name of the city throughout the Byzantine period, and the most common name used for it in the West until the establishment of the Republic of Turkey.

By the 19th century, the city had acquired a number of names used by either foreigners or Turks. Europeans often used Stamboul alongside Constantinople to refer to the whole of the city, but Turks used the former name only to describe the historic peninsula between the Golden Horn and the Sea of Marmara. Pera was used to describe the area between the Golden Horn and the Bosphorus, but Turks also used the name "Beyoglu", which is still in use today. However, with the Turkish Postal Service Law of 28 March 1930, the Turkish authorities formally requested foreigners to adopt "Istanbul", a name in existence since the 10th century, as the sole name of the city within their own languages.

There are many theories attempting to explain Istanbul's etymology. One widely accepted theory states that, "Istanbul" derives from the Medieval Greek phrase "is tin 'polin" or, in the Aegean dialect, "is tan 'polin" (Modern Greek "stin 'poli"), which means "in the city" or "to the city". In modern Turkish, the name is written "Istanbul", with a dotted I, as the Turkish alphabet distinguishes between a dotted and dotless I. Also, while in English the stress is on the first syllable ("Is"), in Turkish it is on the second syllable ("tan"). Like Rome, Istanbul has been called "The City of Seven Hills" because the oldest part of the city is supposedly built on seven hills, each of which bears a historic mosque.
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The city of "Istanbul" has been known through the ages under a large number of different names. The most notable names besides the modern Turkish name are "Byzantium", "Constantinople" and "Stamboul". Different names are associated with different phases of its history and with different languages.

Contents

• 1 Names in historical sequence
• 1.1 "Byzantium"
• 1.2 "Augusta Antonina"
• 1.3 "New Rome"
• 1.4 "Constantinople"
• 1.5 Other Byzantine names
• 1.6 "Kostantiniyye"
• 1.7 "Istanbul"
• 1.8 "Stamboul"
• 1.9 "Islambol"
• 1.10 Other Ottoman names
• 2 Historical names in other languages
• 2.1 Old Norse
• 2.2 Slavic
• 2.3 Persian, Urdu, and Arabic
• 2.4 Hebrew
• 3 Modern languages
• 4 References

Names in historical sequence

"Byzantium" "Byzantion", Latinized as "Byzantium", was the first known name of the city. It was founded by Greek colonists from Megara in 667 BC and, according to legend, named after their king "Byzas", probably Thracian name.

Much later, the name "Byzantium" became common in the West to refer to the Eastern Roman Empire, the "Byzantine" Empire, whose capital the city had been. This usage was introduced only in 1555 by the German historian Hieronymus Wolf, a century after the empire had ceased to exist. During the time of the empire itself, the term "Byzantium" was restricted to the city itself, rather than the empire that it ruled.

"Augusta Antonina" was a name given to the city during a brief period in the 3rd century AD. It was conferred to it by the Roman emperor Septimius Severus (193-211) in honour of his son "Antoninus", the later emperor "Caracalla".

"New Rome"
Before the Roman emperor "Constantine the Great" made the city the new eastern capital of the Roman Empire on May 11, 330, he undertook a major construction project, essentially rebuilding the city on a monumental scale, partly modelled after Rome. Names of this period included "the New, second Rome", "Alma Roma", "Eastern Rome", "Roma Constantinopolitana".

The term "New Rome" lent itself to East-Western polemics, especially in the context of the Great Schism, when it was used by Greek writers to stress the rivalry with (the original) Rome. "New Rome" is also still part of the official title of the Patriarch of Constantinople.

"Constantinople" ("City of Constantine") was the name by which the city became soon more widely known, in honor of "Constantine the Great". The Greek form is "Konstantinoupolis" the Latin form is "Constantinopolis". It is first attested in official use under emperor Theodosius II (408-450). It remained the principal official name of the city throughout the Byzantine period, and the most common name used for it in the West until the early 20th century. It was also used (including its "Kostantiniyye" variant) by the Ottoman Empire until the advent of the Republic of Turkey.

Some Byzantine writers would vary the use of the names "Byzantium" and "Constantinople" depending on religious historical context; "Byzantium" was associated with the city's pagan roots, while "Constantinople" was associated with Christianity.

Other Byzantine names
Besides "Constantinople", the Byzantines referred to the city with a large range of honorary appellations, such as the "Queen of Cities". In popular speech, however, the most common way of referring to it came to be simply "The City" (Greek: "he Polis", Modern Greek: "i Poli"). This usage, still current today in colloquial Greek and Armenian (pronounced "Bolis" in the Western Armenian dialect prevalent in the city), also became the source of the later Turkish name, "Istanbul".

"Kostantiniyye" (Arabic "al-Qus?an?iniyah", Ottoman Turkish "Kostantiniyye") is the name by which the city came to be known in the Islamic world. It is an Arabic calqued form of "Constantinople", with an Arabic ending meaning "place of" instead of the Greek element "-polis". After the Ottoman conquest of 1453, it was used as the most formal official name in Ottoman Turkish, and remained in use throughout most of the time up to the fall of the empire in 1923. However, during some periods Ottoman authorities favoured other names.

The modern Turkish name "Istanbul" (pronounced ["is'tanbul"]) is attested (in a range of variants) since the 10th century, at first in Armenian and Arabic and then in Turkish sources. It derives from the Greek phrase "(i)stimboli(n)", both meaning "in the city" or "to the city"; a similar case is "Stimboli", Crete. It is thus based on the common Greek usage of referring to "Constantinople" simply as "The City". The incorporation of parts of articles and other particles into Greek placenames was common even before the Ottoman period, "Navarino" for earlier "Avarino", "Satines" for "Athines", etc. Similar examples of modern Turkish placenames derived from Greek in this fashion are "Izmit", earlier "Iznikmit", from Greek "Nicomedia", "Iznik" from Greek "Nicaea" (["iz nikea"]), "Samsun" ("s'Amison" = "se" + "Amisos"), and "Istanköy" for the Greek island "Kos" (from "is tin Ko"). The occurrence of the initial "i-" in these names may partly reflect the old Greek form with "is-", or it may partly be an effect of secondary epenthesis, resulting from the phonotactic structure of Turkish.

"Istanbul" was the common name for the city in normal speech in Turkish even before the conquest of 1453, but in official use by the Ottoman authorities, other names such as "Kostantiniyye" were preferred in certain contexts. Thus, "Kostantiniyye" was used on coinage up to the late 17th and then again in the 19th century. The Ottoman chancelery and courts used "Kostantiniyye" as part of intricate formulae in expressing the place of origin of formal documents, such as "be-Makam-i Darü's-Saltanat-i Kostantiniyyetü'l-Mahrusâtü'l-Mahmiyye". In 19th century Turkish bookprinting it was also used in the impressum of books, in contrast to the foreign use of "Constantinople". At the same time, however, "Istanbul" too was part of the official language, for instance in the titles of the highest Ottoman military commander ("Istanbul agasi") and the highest civil magistrate ("Istanbul efendisi") of the city. "Istanbul" and several other variant forms of the same name were also widely used in Ottoman literature and poetry.

After the creation of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, the various alternative names besides "Istanbul" became obsolete in the Turkish language. With the Turkish Postal Service Law of March 28, 1930, the Turkish authorities officially requested foreigners to cease referring to the city with their traditional non-Turkish names (such as "Constantinople", "Tsarigrad", etc.) and to adopt "Istanbul" as the sole name also in their own languages. Letters or packages sent to "Constantinople" instead of "Istanbul" were no longer delivered by Turkey's PTT, which contributed to the eventual worldwide adoption of the new name.

In English the name is usually written "Istanbul". In modern Turkish the name is written "Istanbul" because in the Turkish alphabet "dotted i" ("capital I") is a different letter from "dotless i" ("capital I").

"Stamboul" or "Stambul" is a variant form of "Istanbul". Like "Istanbul" itself, forms without the initial "i-" are attested from early on in the Middle Ages, first in Arabic sources of the 10th century and Armenian ones of the 12th. Some early sources also attest to an even shorter form "Bulin", based on the Greek word "Poli(n)" alone without the preceding article. (This latter form lives on in modern Armenian.)

"Stamboul" was used in Western languages as an equivalent of "Istanbul", until the time it was replaced by the official new usage of the Turkish form in the 20th century. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, English-speaking sources often used "Constantinople" to refer to the metropolis as a whole, but "Stamboul" to refer to the central parts located on the historic peninsula between the Golden Horn and the Sea of Marmara.

"Islambol" ("lots of Islam") or "Islambul" ("find Islam") were folk-etymological adaptations of "Istanbul" created after the Ottoman conquest of 1453 to express the city's new role as the capital of the Islamic Ottoman empire. It is first attested shortly after the conquest, and its invention was ascribed by some contemporary writers to Sultan Mehmed II himself. Some Ottoman sources of the 17th century, most notably Evliya Çelebi, describe it as the common Turkish name of the time. Between the late 17th and late 18th centuries, it was also in official use. The first use of the word "Islambol" on coinage took place in 1703 (1115AH) during the reign of Sultan Ahmed III. The term "Kostantiniyye" still appeared, however, into the twentieth century.

Other Ottoman names
Like the Byzantines, the Ottomans used to refer to the city by a range of other honorary appellations. Among them are the followings:

• "Dersaadet" ("Gate of Felicity")
• "Derâliye" ("Gate of Felicity")
• "Bâb-i Âlî" ("The Sublime Porte")
• "Pâyitaht" ("The Seat of the Throne")
• "Asitane" ("The Doorstep" of the Sultan/Government or "The Center" of Ottoman Empire).

The "Gate of Felicity" and the "Sublime Porte" were literally places within the Ottoman Sultans' Topkapi Palace, and were used metonymically to refer to the authorities located there, and hence for the Ottoman government as a whole. This usage is mirrored in the use of Sublime Porte or simple The Porte in Western diplomacy before the 20th century.

Further information: Porte
Historical names in other languages
Many peoples neighboring on the Byzantine Empire used names expressing concepts like "The Great City", "City of the Emperors", "Capital of the Romans" or similar. During the 10th to 12th century Constantinople was one of the largest two cities in the world, the other being Baghdad.

Old Norse
The medieval Vikings, who had contacts with the Byzantine empire through their expansion through eastern Europe (Varangians) used the Old Norse name "Miklagarðr" (from "mikill" = "big" and "garðr" = "city"), later "Miklagard" / "Miklagård". This name lives on in the modern Icelandic name "Mikligarður" and Faroese "Miklagarður".

Slavic
Further information: "Tsargrad"
East and South Slavic languages referred to the city as "Tsarigrad" or "Carigrad", "City of the Caesar (Emperor)", from the Slavonic words "tsar" ("Caesar") and "grad" ("city"). Cyrillic: "???". This was presumably a calque on a Greek phrase such as "Vasileos Polis", "the city of the emperor [king]". The term is still occasionally used in Bulgarian, whereas it has become archaic in Serbian, Russian, Croatian, and Macedonian. In Slovene, "Carigrad" is a living alternative name for the modern city. In Czech language (West Slavic) this Slavic name is used in the form "Carihrad" (used in 19th century, now only occasionally). It was also borrowed from the Slavic languages into Romanian in the form "Tarigrad".

Persian, Urdu, and Arabic
Besides "Kustantiniyyah", Persian, Urdu, Arabic and other languages of the Islamic world used names based on the title "Cesar" ("Emperor"), as in Persian and Urdu "Kayser-i Zemin", or on the ethnic name "Rum" ("Romans"), as in Arabic "Rumiyyat al-kubra" ("Great City of the Romans") or Persian/Urdu "Takht-e Rum" ("Throne of the Romans").

Hebrew
In Hebrew, the city was sometimes referred to as "Kushtandina", and sometimes "Kushtandina Rabati", literally, "Great Kushtandina", or shortened to "Kushta", an alteration of "Kostantiniyye". This usage was common among Jews until the early 20th Century; however, in present-day Israel it has virtually disappeared, replaced by the Hebrew transliteration of the Turkish "Istanbul".

Modern languages
Further information: List of names in European languages
Most modern Western languages have adopted the name "Istanbul" for the modern city during the 20th century, following the current usage in the Turkish Republic. However, many languages also preserve other, traditional names. Greeks continue to call the city "Constantinople" ("Konstantinupoli" in Modern Greek) or simply "The City" ("i Poli"). Languages that use forms based on "Stamboul" include Russian, Polish, Latvian, Lithuanian, and Albanian. The Spanish form is "Estambul". Armenian uses "Bolis", based on the Greek "Poli(s)" = "City". Icelandic preserves the old Norse name "Miklagarður".
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Its history is a very long one: already in 395 (then named "Constantinopel") the city was made capital of the Eastern Roman Empire.
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DIE ZEIT 40/2005 - musik
Als der Ragtime noch Bauchtanz war
Wo schlägt das Herz des Jazz am wildesten? Das Berliner Jazzfest entdeckt die Musikszene von Istanbul und andere Nischen jenseits des Mainstream
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»Die Etymologie von "Ragtime" ist ja ähnlich ungesichert wie die des Wortes "Jazz". Zur Heide behauptet, das Wort stamme von "Rags Sharki", so heißt der "orientalische Bauchtanz". Der Rhythmus von "Rags Sharki" und "Ragtime" ist identisch. 1872 wurde Bauchtanz in Cleveland aufgeführt, auch 1893 bei der Weltausstellung in Chicago.«
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Konstantinopel (W3)

• Acacius von Konstantinopel (489)
• Aetius von Konstantinopel (367)
• Anastasios, Patriarch von Konstantinopel (+ 754)
• Antonios I. Kassymatas, Patriarch von Konstantinopel (821 837)
• Atticus von Konstantinopel
• Basilius, Archimandrit von Konstantinopel
• Epiphanius, Patr. von Konstantinopel
• Eustratios von Konstantinopel
• Eutychios, Patriarch von Konstantinopel (6. Jh.)
• Eutychius v. Konstantinopel (512-582)
• Flavian, Bischof v. Konstantinopel (449)
• Gennadius I., Patriarch v. Konstantinopel (471)
• Gennadius II., (Georgios Scholarios) Patriarch v. Konstantinopel (1405-1472)
• Germanus I. von Konstantinopel
• Isaak, Abt v. Konstantinopel (424)
• Jeremias II. Patr. v. Konstantinopel (1530-1595)
• Johannes VII., Patriarch von Konstantinopel (837-843)
• Johannes III. Scholastikus, Patr. v. Konstantinopel
• Joseph I. v. Konstantinopel
• Joseph II. v. Konstantinopel
• Kallinikos I. Patriarch v. Konstantinopel (693-705)
• Kallistos I. Patriarch v. Konstantinopel
• Kallistos II. Patriarch v. Konstantinopel
• Konstantinos II, Patriarch von Konstantinopel (754-766)
• Kyriakos v. Konstantinopel (600)
• Kyrillos v. Konstantinopel (1138-1234)
• Macedonius I. von Konstantinopel (4.Jh.)
• Menas, Patriarch v. Konstantinopel (526-552)
• Nektarios, Patriarch von Konstantinopel (397)
• Nestorius, Patriarch von Konstantinopel (381-451)
• Nikephoros I. Patriarch von Konstantinopel (750-828)
• Niketas I., Patriarch von Konstantinopel (766-780)
• Paulos I. Heiliger, Bischof von Konstantinopel (+ 351)
• Paulos IV., Patriarch von Konstantinopel (780-784)
• Photius, Patriarch von Konstantinopel (* 820)
• Proklos, Patriarch von Konstantinopel (+ 446)
• Simon von Konstantinopel (1235-1325)
• Sisinnios I., Erzbischof von Konstantinopel († 427)
• Sisinnios II., Patriarch von Konstantinopel (998)
• Sisinnios, Bischof von Konstantinopel (5. Jh.)
• Stephanos I. Patriarch von Konstantinopel († 893)
• Stephanos II. Patriarch von Konstantinopel († 927)
• Tarasios, Patriarch v. Konstantinopel (806)
• Theodosia von Konstantinopel (726)
• Theodotos I., Patriarch von Konstantinopel (Melissenos "Kassiteras", 815-821)
• Theognostos, Archimandrit in Konstantinopel (9. Jh.)
• Thomas I. Patriarch v. Konstantinopel (607-610)
• Thomas II. Patriarch v. Konstantinopel (667-669)
• Timotheos, I. Patriarch von Konstantinopel (511-518)
• Zacharias, Patriarch von Konstantinopel

• 28. 07. 484 - Erstes Schisma zwischen Konstantinopel und Rom
• 11. 858 - Photios wird Patriarch von Konstantinopel
• 17. 07. 1203 - Kreuzfahrer erobern Konstantinopel

"Konstantinopel" wurde im Jahr 324 vom römischen Kaiser "Konstantin" zunächst als "Neues Rom" auf dem Gebiet des bereits seit fast 1000 Jahren existierenden Byzanz gegründet. Kurz vor seinem Tod ließ sich der Kaiser taufen und machte das Christentum damit erstmals zur Staatsreligion. Neben dem Gründer "Konstantin" prägten vor allem Kaiser Justinian (527-65) und seine Frau Theodora das Gesicht Konstantinopels. Justinian ließ die Hagia Sophia als größte Kirche der Christenheit bauen, und während sich in Westeuropa das finstere Mittelalter ausbreitete, waren in Konstantinopel die berühmtesten Geister aus Kunst und Kultur versammelt.

Der Niedergang des Byzantinischen Reiches begann 1071, als es eine entscheidende Schlacht gegen die türkischen Seldschuken ungefähr an der heutigen türkisch-armenischen Grenze verlor. Der schleichende Machtverlust hatte sein Finale dann 400 Jahre später, als die Osmanen dem ohnehin sehr geschwächten Oströmischen Reich den Todesstoß versetzten und aus Konstantinopel "Istanbul" wurde.
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• Vor 800 Jahren: Kreuzfahrer erobern Konstantinopel
• Die Konstantinopel- Bagdad- Bahn
• Vor 800 Jahren: Kreuzfahrer erobern Konstantinopel... Istanbul, Venezien, Papst, Rom, Kr...

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New Rome (W3)

"New Rome"
Before the Roman emperor "Constantine the Great" made the city the new eastern capital of the Roman Empire on May 11, 330, he undertook a major construction project, essentially rebuilding the city on a monumental scale, partly modelled after Rome. Names of this period included "the New, second Rome", "Alma Roma", "Eastern Rome", "Roma Constantinopolitana".

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Sükrü Saracoglu Stadium (W3)

"Sükrü Saracoglu Stadium", Istanbul, named for "Sükrü Saracoglu".

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