Etymologie, Etimología, Étymologie, Etimologia, Etymology, Etymologi
SE Schweden, Suecia, Suède, Svezia, Sweden, Sverige
Pflanzen, Plantes, Plants

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Kryptimian (W3)

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L., Linnaeus, Linné (W3)

• Sein offizielles botanisches Autorenkürzel lautet "L.".
• In der Zoologie wird "Linnaeus" als Autorenkürzel verwendet.

• "Steine"
• "Pflanzen"
• "Tiere"

• "Klassen", lat. "classes"
• "Ordnungen", lat. "ordines"
• "Gattungen", lat. "genera"
• "Arten", lat. "species"

• Familie: Sie bildet eine Stufe in der Hierarchie der Linnéschen Systematik (Linné). Die Rose ist eine Gattung der Unterfamilie Rosoideae in der Familie der Rosaceae, zu der auch Birnen, Äpfel und Himbeeren gehören.
• Klasse: Eine Stufe in der Linnéschen Hierarchie. Erst kommt die Abteilung, dann kommen die Unterabteilungen, die Klassen, Unterklassen, Ordnungen, Familien, Unterfamilien und schließlich die Gattungen.
• Linné, Carl von (1707 - 1778): Entwickelte das heute noch gültige Ordnungssystem der Pflanzen.

"botanary"

• 1. A blended word, derived from the phrase "botanical dictionary".
• 2. A reference containing an alphabetical list of 18,014 botanical words, with information given for each word, usually including the etymology (i.e., history and/or origin) and pronunciation.

Almost 250 years ago, the Swedish botanist Carl von Linné published "Species Plantarum" and "binomial nomenclature" was born. This systematic approach to naming plants (and animals) is still the universally-recognized system used today. While many gardeners struggle with "Latin names" of plants, knowing a plant's botanical name allows you to converse with gardeners all over the world.

Here you can look up a plant name, discover its meaning and find a guide to pronouncing it. But take it from W.T. Stearn, an authority on the subject: "Botanical Latin is essentially a written language .... How they are pronounced really matters little provided they sound pleasant and are understood by all concerned..."

If you were looking for a gardening term (but not necessarily a plant name) try Gardenology, the Dave's Garden knowledge base of gardening terminology.

Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linné), medicus et biologus Sueticus, natus anno 1707. anno 1732 iter fecit in Lapponiam, praeclarum est huius expeditionis diarium, suetice scriptum. anno 1747 archiater regius, obiit anno 1778 in Uppsala.
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Carolus Linnaeus cum «Linnea boreali» (Per Krafft, Uppsala University collections)
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Systematik: Carl von Linné hat 1735 das System aufgestellt, nach dem die Verwandtschaft der Pflanzen bestimmt wird. Ausgehend von den Sexualorganen ordnete er ähnliche Pflanzen in Gruppen wie Familie, Gattung und Art. Der botanische Name einer Pflanze besteht aus dem Gattungsnamen und dem Artnamen. Die Hundsrose heißt z. B. Rosa canina.

The Linnaeus Celebration 2007
KVA,1/28/2006 4:11:00 PM
Carl Linnaeus was born nearly 300 years ago in a small village in Småland, Råshult. Celebrations of the tercentenary are currently being prepared throughout Sweden and in many places abroad.

At the Academy a national secretariat has been established to coordinate mainly five major projects at a national level: a Swedish contribution to the Chelsea Flower Show, a series of documentary films from seven continents, inspirational activities in schools, a touring exhibition, and an anniversary book. Many additional events and activities are being arranged throughout Sweden, some of them, including events at museums, events for tourists and initiatives in public education, being co-ordinated by national subcommittees.

The Linnaeus Tercentenary will also be celebrated internationally, with activities that include scientific conferences and events at Swedish embassies. Priority will be given to targeting young people and tourists.

A Passion for Order
Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus was an early information architect. He believed that every kind of plant and animal on Earth should be named and classified.
By David Quammen
Photograph by Helene Schmitz
Springtime comes late in Sweden. So it was still springtime on May 23, 1707, when a son was born to the wife of the curate of a small Swedish village called Stenbrohult. The season was raw, the ground was wet, the trees were in leaf but not yet flowering as the baby arrived, raw and wet himself. The child's father, "Nils Linnaeus", was an amateur botanist and an avid gardener as well as a Lutheran minister, who had concocted his own surname (a bureaucratic necessity for university enrollment, replacing his traditional patronymic, son of Ingemar) from the Swedish word "lind", meaning "linden tree". Nils Linnaeus loved plants. The child's mother, a rector's daughter named Christina, was only 18. They christened the boy "Carl", and as the story comes down, filtered through mythic retrospection upon a man who became the world's preeminent botanist, they decorated his cradle with flowers.
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In 1761, the government ennobled him, whereupon he upgraded his linden-tree name to "von Linné". By then he was the most famous naturalist in Europe.

• 1. : Über das Universum (Kapitel 10)
• 2. Gustav Theodor Fechner: Nanna - Über das Seelenleben der Pflanzen (Kapitel 16)
• 3. Adelbert von Chamisso: Kurze Prosastücke (Kapitel 5)
• 4. Adelbert von Chamisso: Peter Schlemihls wundersame Geschichte (Kapitel 2)
• 5. Georg Forster: Bemerkungen ... auf seiner Reise um die Welt ... (Kapitel 30)
• 6. Georg Forster: Über James Cook und andere Essays (Kapitel 2)
• 8. Johann Wolfgang Goethe: Italienische Reise (Kapitel 3)
• 9. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Der Versuch die Metamorphose der Pflanzen zu erklären (Kapitel 19)
• 10. Christian Dietrich Grabbe: Napoleon oder die hundert Tage (Kapitel 7)
• 11. Ferdinand Gregorovius: Geschichte der Stadt Athen im Mittelalter (Kapitel 102)
• 12. Curt Grottewitz: Der Mensch als Beherrscher der Natur (Kapitel 11)
• 13. Curt Grottewitz: Unser Wald (Kapitel 16)
• 14. Ulrich Hegner: Die Molkenkur (Kapitel 3)
• 15. Johann Gottfried Herder: Abhandlung über den Ursprung der Sprache (Kapitel 14)
• 16. Jean Paul: Leben des Quintus Fixlein (Kapitel 38)
• 17. Jean Paul: Flegeljahre (Kapitel 49)
• 18. Jean Paul: Hesperus oder 45 Hundposttage (Kapitel 100)
• 19. Jean Paul: Das Kampaner Tal (Kapitel 26)
• 20. Jean Paul: Das heimliche Klaglied der jetzigen Männer (Kapitel 3)
• 21. Jean Paul: Der Komet (Kapitel 7)
• 22. Jean Paul: Palingenesien (Kapitel 9)
• 23. Jean Paul: Siebenkäs (Kapitel 88)
• 24. Jean Paul: Titan (Kapitel 10)
• 25. Jean Paul: Vorschule der Ästhetik (Kapitel 5)
• 26. Immanuel Kant: Kritik der Urteilskraft (Kapitel 96)
• 27. Justinus Kerner: Das Bilderbuch aus meiner Knabenzeit (Kapitel 46)
• 28. Justinus Kerner: Das Bilderbuch aus meiner Knabenzeit (Kapitel 46)
• 29. Adolph Freiherr Knigge: Geschichte Peter Clausens (Kapitel 5)
• 31. Charitas Bischoff: Amalie Dietrich (Kapitel 24)
• 32. Wilhelm Raabe: Zum wilden Mann (Kapitel 7)
• 34. Fritz Reuter: Schurr Murr (Kapitel 5)
• 35. Friedrich Schiller: Ueber den Zusammenhang der thierischen Natur des Menschen mit seiner geistigen / 1 (Kapitel 2)
• 36. Friedrich Schiller: Der Verbrecher aus verlorener Ehre (Kapitel 1)
• 37. Friedrich Schlegel: Lucinde (Kapitel 7)
• 38. Christoph Martin Wieland: Geschichte des Weisen Danischmend und der drei Kalender (Kapitel 9)
• 39. Ottilie Wildermuth: Genrebilder aus einer kleinen Stadt (Kapitel 16)
• 40. Wilhelm Wundt: Erlebtes und Erkanntes (Kapitel 37)
• 41. Johann Kaspar Riesbeck: Briefe eines reisenden Franzosen über Deutschland (Kapitel 12)
• 42. Alphonse Daudet: Die Könige im Exil / 1 (Kapitel 6)
• 43. Georg Forster: Bemerkungen ... auf seiner Reise um die Welt ... (Kapitel 31)
• 44. Jean Paul: Leben des Quintus Fixlein (Kapitel 37)
• 45. Jean Paul: Hesperus oder 45 Hundposttage (Kapitel 99)
• 46. Jean Paul: Palingenesien (Kapitel 8)
• 47. Jean Paul: Siebenkäs (Kapitel 87)
• 48. Jean Paul: Vorschule der Ästhetik (Kapitel 4)
• 49. Immanuel Kant: Kritik der Urteilskraft (Kapitel 96)
• 50. Justinus Kerner: Das Bilderbuch aus meiner Knabenzeit (Kapitel 46)
• 1. Titus Livius: Römische Geschichte (Kapitel 62)
• 52. Bertha von Suttner: Die Waffen nieder! (Kapitel 2)
• 53. Franz Pocci: Lustiges Komödienbüchlein - Drittes Bändchen (Kapitel 1)
• 54. Justus Möser: Patriotische Phantasien (Kapitel 46)
• 55. Heinrich Laube: Reise durch das Biedermeier (Kapitel 28)
• 56. Alexander Moszkowski: Unglaublichkeiten (Kapitel 28)
• 57. Felicitas Rose: Heideschulmeister Uwe Karsten (Kapitel 14)
• 58. Alexander Moszkowski: Einstein - Einblicke in seine Gedankenwelt (Kapitel 10)
• 60. Ernst Freiherr von Feuchtersle: Der Geist der deutschen Klassiker (Kapitel 6)
• 61. Carl Gustav Carus: Geheimnisvoll am lichten Tag (Kapitel 3)

A nation-wide organisation whose purpose is to spread and increase our knowledge of Carl Linnaeus and his work. It is our aim to carry on the Linnaean tradition and thus care for and rouse an interest in Swedish nature and scientific culture.

• Die Nickende Distel - Blume des Jahres 2008 Pflanze, Blume, Distel, Linné, Korbblütler, Distelfink, 2008, Dorfpflanz...
• Carl von Linné: Er brachte ein Ordnungssystem in das Pflanzen- und Tierreich

linnéen, linnéenne (W3)

... qui est partisan des théories de Linné ...

linnéon (W3)

... Le botaniste hollandais Lotsy a proposé les termes de "linnéon" et de "jordanon" pour désigner respectivement l'espèce collective et l'unité élémentaire définie par Jordan. ...

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nationalgeographic

sexual system
Latin binomial system for naming plants
Latin binomial system of naming species
Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus was an early information architect
He believed that every kind of plant and animal on Earth should be named and classified

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If you read a thumbnail biography, in an encyclopedia or on a website, you're liable to be told that Carl Linnaeus was "the father of taxonomy" - that is, of biological classification - or that he created the "Latin binomial system of naming species", still used today. Those statements are roughly accurate, but they don't convey what made the man so important to biology during his era and afterward.
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During the three years abroad he published eight books—an amazing spurt of productivity, partly explained by the fact that he had left Sweden carrying some manuscripts written earlier. One of those manuscripts became "Systema Naturae", now considered the founding text of modern taxonomy.
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Linnaeus wasn't the first naturalist to try to roster and systematize nature. His predecessors included "Aristotle" (who had classified animals as "bloodless" and "blooded"), "Leonhart Fuchs" in the 16th century (who described 500 genera of plants, listing them in alphabetical order), the Englishman "John Ray" (whose Historia Plantarum, published in 1686, helped define the species concept), and the French botanist "Joseph Pitton de Tournefort", contemporary with Ray, who sorted the plant world into roughly 700 genera, based on the appearance of their flowers, their fruit, and their other anatomical parts.
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Linnaeus emerged from this tradition and went beyond it. His Systema Naturae, as published in 1735, was a unique and peculiar thing: a folio volume of barely more than a dozen pages, in which he outlined a classification system for all members of what he considered the three kingdoms of nature - "plants", "animals", and "minerals". Notwithstanding the inclusion of minerals, what really mattered were his views on the kingdoms of life.
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His treatment of animals, presented on one double-page spread, was organized into six major columns, each topped with a name for one of his classes: "Quadrupedia", "Aves", "Amphibia", "Pisces", "Insecta", "Vermes".
"Quadrupedia" was divided into several four-limbed orders, including "Anthropomorpha" (mainly primates), "Ferae" (such as canids, felids, bears), and others.
His "Amphibia" encompassed reptiles as well as amphibians, and
his "Vermes" was a catchall group, containing not just worms and leeches and flukes but also slugs, sea cucumbers, starfish, barnacles, and other sea animals.
He divided each order further, into "genera" (some with recognizable names such as Leo, Ursus, Hippopotamus, and Homo), and each genus into "species".
Apart from the six classes, Linnaeus also gave half a column to what he called "Paradoxa", a wild-card group of chimerical or simply befuddling creatures such as the unicorn, the phoenix, the dragon, the satyr, and a certain giant tadpole (now known as Pseudis paradoxa) that, weirdly, shrinks during metamorphosis into a much smaller frog. Across the top of the chart ran large letters: "CAROLI LINNAEI REGNUM ANIMALE". It was a provisional effort, grand in scope, integrated, but not especially original, to make sense of faunal diversity based on what was known and believed at the time. Then again, animals weren't his specialty.
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His classification of the vegetable kingdom ... became known as the "sexual system" because he recognized that flowers are sexual structures, and he used their male and female organs—their stamens and pistils - to characterize his groups. He defined 23 classes, into which he placed all the flowering plants (with a 24th class for cryptogams, those that don't flower), based on the number, size, and arrangement of their stamens. Then he broke each class into orders, based on their pistils. To the classes, he gave names such as "Monandria", "Diandria", "Triandria" (meaning: "one husband", "two husbands", "three husbands") and, within each, ordinal names such as "Monogynia", "Digynia", "Trigynia", thereby evoking all sorts of scandalous ménages (a plant of the Monogynia order within the Tetrandria class: one wife with four husbands) that caused lewd smirks and disapproving scowls among some of his contemporaries. Linnaeus himself seems to have enjoyed the sexy subtext. And it didn't prevent his botanical schema from becoming the accepted system of plant classification throughout Europe.
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But his passion for order—for seeking a natural order - did move taxonomy toward the insights later delivered by Charles Darwin.
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In "Species Plantarum", he established the "Latin binomial system for naming plants", and then in the tenth edition of "Systema Naturae", published in 1758-59 as two fat volumes, he extended it to all species, both plant and animal. A pondweed clumsily known as Potamogeton caule compresso, folio Graminis canini, et cetera, became Potamogeton compressum. We became "Homo sapiens".
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But he was also quietly effective in mentoring the most talented and serious of his students, of whom more than a dozen went off on adventuresome natural history explorations around the world, faithfully sending data and specimens back to the old man. With his typically sublime absence of modesty, he called those travelers the "apostles."
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prélinnéen (W3)

prélinnéen, -enne. Les principes d'une classification audacieuse (...) c'était le retour à la vieille dichotomie prélinnéenne (Hist. gén. sc., t.3, vol. 2, 1964, p.782).

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Symbol für männlich - ♀, Symbol für weiblich - ♂ (W3)

Das weibliche Geschlecht kennzeichnet man oft mit dem Symbol ♀. Dieses Symbol stellt stilisiert den Handspiegel der römischen Göttin Venus dar und ist unter anderem auch ein alchemistisches Zeichen für Kupfer.

Das männliche Geschlecht kennzeichnet man oft mit dem Symbol ♂. Dieses Symbol soll den Oberkörper eines Kriegers nach dem Vorbild des Kriegsgottes Mars symbolisieren und ist unter anderem auch ein alchemistisches Zeichen für Eisen.

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Buecher zur Kategorie:

Etymologie, Etimología, Étymologie, Etimologia, Etymology, Etymologi
SE Schweden, Suecia, Suède, Svezia, Sweden, Sverige
Pflanzen, Plantes, Plants

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Jarvis, Charlie
Order Out of Chaos
Linnaean Plant Names and Their Types

10th June 2008
Created in 2000, the CBHL Annual Literature Award is given by the "Council on Botanical and Horticultural Libraries" ("CBHL") to both the author and publisher of a work that makes a significant contribution to the literature of botany or horticulture.

Order out of Chaos: Linnean Plant Names and Their Types by Charlie Jarvis (Linnean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum, London, 2007), and Encyclopedia of Garden Ferns by Sue Olson (Timber Press, 2007), have won the 2008 Annual Literature Awards from The Council on Botanical and Horticultural Libraries.

Charlie Jarvis's Order out of Chaos, a guide to plant names described by the Swedish naturalist "Carl Linnaeus" (1708-1778), was the winner in CBHL's technical category, chosen both for its unique and substantive content combining history, biography, and scientific research as well as for its attractive design. "Today our need for stable knowledge about plants, including precise nomenclature, is urgently driven by population growth, increased consumption, habitat degradation, and other threats to the natural world that are causing us to lose plant species faster than we can identify them. . . . This book brings together a critical mass of information on the more than 9,000 plant names authored by Linnaeus in this 300th anniversary year of his birth." (Charlotte Tancin, Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh).
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