See also: origin of the term Slav
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajiks
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_people
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiger
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopard
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-stan
"Tajikistan" or "Tojikiston" (alternative name) means "land of the Tajiks", with "Tajik" being an alternative name of the Persians. Tajikistan is the only country from all of Soviet Union Commonwealth which is persian speaking and its history goes back to Persian Empire.
The root word "Toj" is derived from Persian language meaning "crown". Because of the influence of Russians during the Soviet period, the root word "Toj" changed slightly and by the time the word became "tojik". Literally meaning of "Tajikistan" is "place where people have crowns."
Another possible root is the Tibetans call all Persians "Tag Dzig" (Pronounced "Tajik") but in Tibetan this also means "tiger-leopard". This could explain why so many Tibetan legends about their western neighbours feature tiger/leopard combinations. The suffix "-stan", from Persian, means "land".
Yugoslavia (former name):
- From "Jugoslavija", which means "Land of the South Slavs" (South Slavic jug means in English south).
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
This list covers English language country names with their etymologies. Some of these include notes on indigenous names and their etymologies. Countries in italics no longer exist as sovereign political entities.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Afghanistan:
Main article: Origins of the name Afghanistan
"Land of Afghans," Afghan from the Sanskrit tribal name Asvaka meaning "horseman", as the country was noted for its fine breed of horses; and the Persian suffix -stan meaning "land of". Said tribal name Asvaka was apparently used in reference to the Kambojas in antiquity. The Arabic Afgan is an adaptation of the Prakrit form Avagana as first used by Varahamihira in his B?hat Sa?hita in the 6th century CE. Since the Middle Ages, "Afghan" has been used as a synonym for Pashtun.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Åland (autonomous province of Finland):
"Land [in the] water," from the Germanic root *ahw-, cognate with Latin aqua. The Finnish name Ahvenanmaa is partly borrowed, partly translated from Germanic.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Albania:
From medieval Greek "??ßa??a" (Albania).[1] "Alb" from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning "white" or "mountain", as mountains are often white-capped with snow; compare Alps.
Albanian: Shqipëria (Land of the Eagles), or Arbëri (poetic and archaic)
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Algeria:
The name Algeria is derived from the name of the city of Algiers (French Alger), from the Arabic word "???????" (al-gaza'ir), which translates as the islands, referring to the four islands which lay off that city's coast until becoming part of the mainland in 1525; al-gaza'ir is itself short for the older name gaza'ir bani mazganna, "the islands of (the tribe) Bani Mazghanna", used by early medieval geographers such as al-Idrisi and Yaqut al-Hamawi.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
American Samoa (territory of the United States of America):
See Samoa and United States of America below.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Andorra:
Etymology unknown and contested; of pre-Roman, possibly Iberian or Basque origin. The name Andorra might be derived from al-Darra, the Arabic word for forest. When the Moors invaded Spain, the valleys of the Pyrenees were especially wooded, and the title Andorra can be found linked to villages in other parts of Spain which had been under Moorish domination. Still others claim that it comes from the Spanish andar, meaning "to walk", which gave name to the nomadic tribe of Andorrisoe which ostensibly migrated to the valleys in and around present-day Andorra, or could possibly originate from a Navarrese word andurrial, which translates as "shrub-covered land." An oft-told legend is that the name came from the archaic "Endor", which Louis le Debonnaire christened what he referred to as the "wild valleys of Hell" after defeating the Moors - wild and desolate mountain ranges have been associated with the Devil throughout much European literature.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Angola:
From Ngola, a title used by the monarch of the Kingdom of Ndongo. The Portuguese named the area in honour of a Ngola allied with them.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Anguilla (overseas territory of the United Kingdom):
From the word for "eel" in any of several Romance languages (Spanish: anguila; French: anguille; Italian: anguilla), due to its elongated shape. The circumstances of the island's European discovery and naming are uncertain: Christopher Columbus (1493) or French explorers (1564) are both possibilities.[2]
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Antigua and Barbuda:
Christopher Columbus named Antigua in honour of the Santa María La Antigua ("Saint Mary the Old") cathedral in Seville, Spain, when he landed there in 1493. "Barbuda" means "bearded" in Portuguese. The islands gained this name after the appearance of the their fig trees, whose long roots resemble beards. Alternatively, it may refer to the beards of the indigenous people.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Argentina:
Main article: Origin and history of the name of Argentina
From the Latin argentum, meaning "silver". Early Spanish and Portuguese traders used the region's Río de la Plata or "Silver River" to transport silver and other treasures from Peru to the Atlantic. The land around the terminal downstream stations became known as La Argentina - "The Land of Silver".
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Armenia:
Main article: Armenia (name)
From Old Persian Armina (6th century BC), Greek Armenia (5th century BC). The further etymology of the Persian name is uncertain, but may be connected to the Assyrian Armânum, Armanî and/or the Biblical Minni. The Old Persian name is an exonym, see Hayk for the native name and Urartu for the Biblical Ararat.
Armenian: ???????? Hayastan
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Aruba (territory of Netherlands):
Two possible meanings exist. One story relates how the Spanish explorer Alonso de Ojeda named the island in 1499 as "Oro Hubo", implying the presence of gold (oro hubo in Spanish means "there was gold"). Another possible derivation cites the Arawak Indian word oibubai, which means "guide".
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Australia:
Originally from Latin terra australis incognita - "unknown southern land". Early European explorers, sensing that the Australian landmass far exceeded in size what they had already mapped, gave the area a generic descriptive name. The explorer Matthew Flinders (1774 - 1814), the first to sail around and chart the Australian coast, used the term "Australia" in his 1814 publication A Voyage to Terra Australis. Previous Dutch explorers had referred to the continent as Australisch and as "Hollandia Nova" (New Holland). From the introduction in Flinders' book:
"There is no probability, that any other detached body of land, of nearly equal extent, will ever be found in a more southern latitude; the name Terra Australis will, therefore, remain descriptive of the geographical importance of this country, and of its situation on the globe: it has antiquity to recommend it; and, having no reference to either of the two claiming nations, appears to be less objectionable than any other which could have been selected.*"[3]
...with the accompanying note at the bottom of the page:
"* Had I permitted myself any innovation upon the original term, it would have been to convert it into AUSTRALIA; as being more agreeable to the ear, and an assimilation to the names of the other great portions of the earth."[3]
Note: Antarctica, which is south of Australia, would be discovered in 1820, although who first saw it in that year is a matter of dispute.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Austria:
Compare the modern German Österreich, from Old High German ôstarrîhhi, which literally means "empire in the East." In the 9th century, the territory formed part of the Frankish Empire's eastern limit, and also formed the eastern limit of German settlement bordering on Slavic areas. Under Charlemagne and during the early Middle Ages, the territory had the Latin name marchia orientalis (Eastern March). This translated to Ostarrîchi in the vernacular of the time; that Old High German form first appears in a 996 document.
Arabic Nimsa: Presumably from the Slavic word nowaday used for Germany, via Turkish.
Czech Rakousko (country) or Rakousy (Upper and Lower Austria): from Rakous (German: Raabs), an important fortress on the Moravian-Austrian border.
Finnish Itävalta
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Azerbaijan:
Main article: History of the name Azerbaijan
Native spelling Az?rbaycan (from surface fires on ancient oil pools; its ancient name, (Media) Atropatene (in Greek and Latin) or Atrpatakan (in Armenian), actually referring to the present-day Azerbaijan region of Iran. The name became Azerbaijan in Arabic. The Persians knew the territory of the modern republic of Azerbaijan as "Aran"; and in classical times it became "(Caucasian) Albania" and, in part, "(Caucasian) Iberia", although this last term corresponds mostly to the present-day republic of Georgia. (See Georgia below.) The region of Media Atropatene lay further to the south: south of the River Araxes. "Aran" may derive from the same root as modern "Iran", while "Albania" and "Iberia" appear as toponyms of Caucasus mountain derivation. The name "(Media) Atropatene" comes from Atropates ("fire protector" in Middle Persian) who ruled as the independent Iranian satrap at the time of the Seleucids. The modern ethnonym 'Azerbaijani' has often become the subject of sharp differences of opinion between the ethnically Turkic inhabitants of the modern republic of Azerbaijan and the inhabitants of the Persian-dominated neighboring republic of Iran. Iranians regard the names "Azerbaijan" and "Atropatene" as expressions of historically Persian culture, and therefore often refer to the modern republic of Azerbaijan as "Turkish Azerbaijan", and to its inhabitants as "Azerbaijani Turks". In contrast, Turkophone Azerbaijanis insist on their own place as an historically continuous presence in Azerbaijani history. The suffix -an in Persian means "land".
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Bahamas:
From Spanish Baja Mar - "Low (Shallow) Sea". The islands were named by the Spanish conquistadors after the waters around them.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Barbados:
Named by the Portuguese explorer Pedro A. Campos "Os Barbados" ("The Bearded Ones") in 1536 after the appearance of the island's ficus trees, whose long roots resemble beards.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Belgium:
From the name of a Celtic tribe, the Belgae.
The name Belgae may derive from the Proto-Indo-European *bolg meaning "bag" or "womb" and indicating common descent; if so, it likely followed some unknown original adjective.
Another theory suggests that the name Belgae may come from the Proto-Celtic *belo, which means "bright", and which relates to the English word bale (as in "bale-fire"), to the Anglo-Saxon bael, to the Lithuanian baltas, meaning "white" or "shining" (from which the Baltic takes its name) and to Slavic "belo/bilo/bjelo/..." meaning "white" (as in the town names Beograd, Biograd, Bjelovar, etc, all meaning "white city"; see Beltane). Thus the Gaulish god-names Belenos ("Bright one") and Belisama (probably the same divinity, originally from *belo-nos = "our shining one") might come also from the same source.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Belize:
Traditionally said to derive from the Spanish pronunciation of "Wallace", the name of the pirate who set up the first settlement in Belize in 1638. Another possibility relates the name to the Maya word belix, meaning "muddy water", applied to the Belize River.
British Honduras (former name): after the colonial ruler (Britain). For "Honduras" see Honduras below. See also Britain, below.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Bermuda (overseas territory of the United Kingdom):
From the name of the Spanish sea captain Juan de Bermúdez who sighted the islands in 1503.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Bhutan:
The ethnic Tibetans or Bhotia migrated from Tibet to Bhutan in the 10th century. The root Bod is an ancient name for Tibet.
Bhutanese language: Druk Yul - "land of the thunder dragon", "land of thunder", or "land of the dragon", from the violent thunder storms that come from the Himalayas.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Bohemia (formerly independent western part of the Czech Republic):
Latin and traditional English variant derive from the Celtic tribe known as as the Boii.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Bolivia:
Named after Simón Bolívar (1783–1830), an anti-Spanish militant and first president of Bolivia after the country gained its independence in 1825. His surname comes from La Puebla de Bolibar, a village in Biscay, Spain. The etymology of Bolibar may be bolu- ("mill") + -ibar ("river"). Thus, it might mean a mill on a river.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Bosnia and Herzegovina:
The country consists of two distinct regions. The larger northern section, Bosnia, takes its name from the Bosna river. The smaller, southern, territory, Herzegovina, takes its name from the German noble title Herzog, meaning "Duke". Frederick IV, King of the Romans, made the territory's ruler, the Grand Vojvoda Stjepan Vukcic, a duke in 1448.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Botswana:
Named after the country's largest ethnic group, the Tswana.
Bechuanaland (former name): derived from Bechuana, an alternative spelling of "Botswana".
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Bouvet Island (territory of Norway):
Named after the French explorer Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier, who discovered the remote island in 1739.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Brazil:
Named after the brazilwood tree, called pau-brasil in Portuguese and so-named because its reddish wood resembled the color of red-hot embers (brasa in Portuguese), and because it was recognized as an excellent source of red dye. In Tupi it is called "ibirapitanga", which means literally "red wood". The wood of the tree was used to color clothes and fabrics.
Another theory states that the name of the country is related to the Irish myth of Hy-Brazil, a phantom island similar to St. Brendan's Island, southwest of Ireland. The legend was so strong that during the 15th century many expeditions tried to find it, the most important being that of John Cabot. As the Brazilian lands were reached by Pedro Álvares Cabral in 1500 A.D., the Irish myth would have influenced the late name given to the country (after "Island of Real Cross" and "Land of Holy Cross"). The proof that the legend was popular among Iberic people may be verified by the name of the Azorean Terceira Island, registered in the 14th century in the Atlas Catalan and around 1436 on the Venetian map of Andrea Bianco.[clarification needed]
See also list of Brazil state name etymologies.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Britain:
From Pretani, "painted ones"[citation needed]; perhaps a reference to the use of body-paint and tattoos by early inhabitants of the islands; may also derive from the Celtic goddess Brigid[citation needed]. The form 'Britain' (see also Welsh Prydain) comes from Latin 'Britannia', probably via French. The former name of the island of Britain was Albion, an ancient Greek adaptation of a Celtic name which may survive as the Gaelic name of Scotland, Alba. Traditionally, a folk etymology derived the name from "Brutus", but this is almost certainly not the case. Brittany derives from the same root.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Bulgaria:
Named after the Bulgars. It has been assumed that their tribal name, Bulgar, may come from burg, which means "castle" in Germanic languages; A. D. Keramopoulos derives the name "Bulgars" from burgarii or bourgarioi meaning "those who maintain the forts" (burgi, bourgoi, purgoi) along the northern boundaries of the Balkan provinces, and elsewhere in the Roman Empire, first mentioned in Greek in an inscription dated A.D. 202, found between Philippopolis and Tatar Pazardzhik (and last published in Wilhelm Dittenberger's Sylloge inscriptionum graecarum, 3 ed., vol. II [1917], no. 880,1. 51, p. 593). This interpretation, however, seems unlikely, seeing as the name "Bulgar" existed long before these people came in contact with the Indo-Germanic world.
An alternative Turkic etymology for the name of the pre-Slavicised Central-Asian Bulgars derives from Bulgha meaning sable and has a totemistic origin.
Some mistakenly associate the name Bulgar with the River Volga in present-day Russia, due to the fact that Bulgars lived in that region before and after the migration to the Balkans: see Volga Bulgaria. However, there is no linguistic association.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Burma:
see Myanmar below.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Cambodia:
The name "Cambodia" derives from that of the ancient Khmer kingdom of Kambuja (Kambujadesa). The ancient Sanskrit name Kambuja or Kamboja referred to an early Indo-Iranian tribe, the Kambojas, named after the founder of that tribe, Kambu Svayambhuva, apparently a variant of Cambyses, Kambujiya or Kamboja. See Etymology of Kamboja.
Kampuchea (local name): derived in the same fashion. It also was the official English-language name from 1975 to 1989.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Cameroon:
From Portuguese Rio de Camarões ("River of Shrimps"), the name given to the Wouri River by Portuguese explorers in the 15th century.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Canada:
Main article: Canada's name
From the word Kanata meaning "village" or "settlement" in the Saint-Lawrence Iroquoian language spoken by the inhabitants of Stadacona and the neighbouring region, in the 16th century, near present-day Quebec City. See also Canadian provincial name etymologies.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Caroline Islands
Named after Charles II, king of Spain from 1665 to 1700.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Cayman Islands (overseas territory of the United Kingdom):
Christopher Columbus discovered the islands in 1503 after winds blew him off his course from Panama to Hispaniola. He called the islands Las Tortugas ("The Turtles" in Spanish) due to the many turtles there. Around 1540, the islands gained the name Caymanas, from a Carib word for marine alligators or "caiman", an animal found on the islands.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Central African Republic:
Named after its geographical position in the center of the continent of Africa; see also List of continent name etymologies.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
China:
From Cin (???), Persian name for China used by Marco Polo.[4] Derived from Sanskit Cinah (???).[5] Often said to derive from Qin (221 BC - 206 BC), although usage pre-dates this dynasty.[6]
Chinese: Zhong Guo - "central country"
Archaic English Cathay, Turkish Xytai and Russian ????? (Kitai), from the Khitan people who conquered north China in the 10th century.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Christmas Island (territory of Australia):
So named because Captain William Mynors discovered the island on Christmas Day in 1643.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Cocos Islands (territory of Australia):
Named after coconuts, the main local product.
Keeling Islands (alternative name), after Captain William Keeling, who discovered the islands in 1609.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Colombia:
Named after the explorer Christopher Columbus, despite the fact that he never was in the country as we know it today. During his fourth voyage Columbus did visit Panama, which was part of Colombia until 1903.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Comoros:
From the Arabic Djazair al Qamar: "island of the moon."
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Cook Islands (territory of New Zealand):
Named after Captain James Cook, who sighted the islands in 1770.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Croatia:
Latinization of the Croatian name Hrvatska, derived from Hrvat (Croat): a word of unknown origin, possibly from a Sarmatian word for "herdsman" or "cowboy".[citation needed] Might be related to an aboriginal tribe of Alans.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Cuba:
From Taíno Indian Cubanacan - "centre place". In Portugal, some believe that the name echoes that of the Portuguese town of Cuba, speculating that Christopher Columbus provided a link. In Portuguese and Spanish, the word "cuba" refers to the barrels used to hold beverages.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Cymru
Cymru is the Welsh name for Wales, thought to mean "Land of the Compatriots" in Old Welsh. The term "Welsh" comes from the Anglo-Saxon "Wealh", meaning foreigner or unfamiliar neighbour.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Czechoslovakia:
Roughly "land of the Czechs and Slovaks", from the two main Slavic ethnic groups in the country, with "Slovak" deriving from the Slavic for "Slavs"; and "Czech" ultimately of unknown origin.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Czech Republic:
From Cechové (Ceši, i.e. Czechs), the name of one of the Slavic tribes on the country's territory, which subdued the neighboring Slavic tribes around 900. The origin of the name of the tribe itself remains unknown. According to a legend, it comes from their leader Cech, who brought them to Bohemia. Most scholarly theories regard Cech as a sort of obscure derivative, i.e. from Ceta (military unit).
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Denmark:
From the native name Danmark, meaning "march (i.e., borderland) of the Danes", the dominant people of the region since ancient times. The origin of the tribal name is unknown, but one theory derives it from the Proto-Indo-European root dhen: "low" or "flat", presumably referring to the low elevation of most of the country.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Djibouti:
Named after the bottom point of the Gulf of Tadjoura. Possibly derived from the Afar word gabouti, a type of doormat made of palm fibres. Another plausible, but unproven, etymology is that "Djibouti" means "Land of Tehuti" or Land of Thoth, after the Egyptian Moon God.
French Territory of the Afars and the Issas (former name): after the colonial ruler (France) and the two main ethnic groups in the country. See also France, below.
French Somaliland (former name): after the colonial ruler (France). For Somaliland see Somalia below.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Dominica:
From Medieval Latin "Dies Dominica" meaning "Sunday": the day of the week on which Christopher Columbus first landed on the island.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Dominican Republic:
Derived from Santo Domingo, the capital city, which bears the name of the Spanish Saint Domingo de Guzmán, the founder of the Dominican Order.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Ecuador:
"Equator" in Spanish, as the country lies on the Equator.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Egypt:
From Latin Aegyptus, which in turn is from ancient Greek (already attested in Mycenean) ????pt?? (Aígyptos). According to Strabo, the Greek name is derived from ???a??? ?pt??? (Aigaíou hyptíos) or "the land below the Aegean sea"). Alternatively, it may derive from the Egyptian name of Memphis, *hawit ku? pitáh, meaning "house (or temple) of the soul of Ptah".
Misr (Arabic name, pronounced Masr in Egyptian Arabic): a widespread Semitic word (Hebrew: Mitzraim), first used to mean "Egypt" in Akkadian, and meaning "city" or "to settle or found" in Arabic. The Turkish name Misir derives from the Arabic one. The Hebrew name is in the dual form, meaning "two Egypts" and may evoke the old kingdoms of upper and lower Egypt. The Hebrew form can also mean "straits or narrow places", referring to the shape of the country as it follows the Nile River, and takes on more symbolic weight in the Bible in reference to the Exodus story.
Kême (Coptic name): "black land" (Ancient Egyptian kmt), referring to the mud of the Nile after the summer flood, as opposed to the desert, called "red land" (Ancient Egyptian dšrt).
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
England (Country of the United Kingdom):
Derived from the Old English name Englaland, literally translatable as "land of the Angles".
The indigenous languages of Ireland and Scotland refer to England as the "land of the Saxons" - for example, Irish Sasana. Cornish - also a Celtic language - uses Pow Saws - literally "Saxon country".
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Equatorial Guinea:
"Equatorial", from the word "equator". The Equator does not pass through the country's land, though the country straddles the Equator, as its island of Annobon lies to the south, while the mainland lies to the north. "Guinea" perhaps comes from the Berber term aguinaoui, which means "black".
Spanish Guinea (former name): after the former colonial ruler (Spain). "Guinea" as above; See also Spain, below.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Eritrea:
Named by Italian colonizers, from the Latin name for the Red Sea, Mare Erythraeum ("Erythraean Sea"), which in turn derived from the ancient Greek name for the Red Sea: ?????? T??assa (Eruthra Thalassa).
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Estonia:
From the Latin version of the Germanic word Estland, which could originate from the Germanic word for "eastern (way)", or from the name Aestia, first mentioned in ancient Greek texts. Palaeogeographers have not located Aestia exactly: the name may have instead referred to modern Masuria in Poland.
Chud (Old East Slavic): originally derived from the Gothic for "people" (see "Deutschland" under the heading "Germany"); more recent folk-etymology has also linked the name to the Slavic root for "weird". Lake Peipus still bears the name of "Chudskoe Lake" in Slavic languages.
Igaunija (Latvian): from the ancient Ugaunian tribe in southeastern Estonia.
Viro (Finnish variant): from the ancient Vironian tribe in northern Estonia.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Ethiopia:
From the Greek word ?????p?a (Aithiopía, Latin Æthiopia), from ?????? (Aithíops), "Ethiopian" - sometimes parsed by Westerners as a purely Greek term meaning "of burnt (a??-) visage (??)". However, some (i.e., the 16–17th c. Book of Aksum [Matshafa Aksum]) Ethiopian sources state that the name derived from "'Ityopp'is", a son of Cush, son of Ham who, according to legend, founded the city of Aksum.
Abyssinia (former alternate name): derives from an Arabic form of the Ge'ez (and other Ethiosemitic languages) word Habesha, a name referring to the collection of all tribes in ancient Ethiopia.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Falkland Islands (overseas territory of the United Kingdom):
The English Captain John Strong named the strait between the two main islands the Falkland Sound when he landed on the islands in 1690, and the term eventually came to apply to the whole island group. The name honoured Anthony Cary, 5th Viscount Falkland, First Lord of the Admiralty, whose family name was also their residence "Falkland Palace" in Scotland.
Islas Malvinas (Spanish language name): comes from the French sailors who frequented the islands during the 1690s. They came from St. Malo in Brittany, France, so others often referred to them in French as the "Malouines".
Sebald Islands - a nearly defunct name of Dutch origin which commemorated Sebald de Weert, who is usually credited with first sighting the Falkland Islands in 1598.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Fiji:
From the Tongan name for the islands: Viti.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Finland:
From Germanic, meaning "Land of the Finns". Originally, the Germanic term Finn, deriving possibly from finthan ("wander, find"), and carried forth in the North Germanic languages, probably referred to hunter-gatherers, whose closest cultural successors in modern terms would be the Sami people. Latin Fennia.
Suomi (Finnish name), Soome (Estonian name), Sum' (Old Russian name), Somija (Latvian name): may derive from the Baltic root zeme for "land": zeme ? sheme ? shäme ? Häme ? shaame ? Saami ? Soomi ? Suomi.
An Fhionnlainn (Irish name) is derived from Finlandia though by coincidence Fionnlann also means "Land of the fair" in Irish.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Formosa
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
France:
Main article: Name of France
French derivation of Francia, "Land of the Franks". A frankon was a spear used by the early Franks, thus giving them their name. The term "Frank" later became associated with "free" as the Franks were the only truly freemen, since they subjugated the Romanized Gauls.
Gallia (Latin) from the name of a Celtic tribe. Many Celtic groups used similar names: compare Gaul, Galatia, and Galicia.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
French Guiana (territory of France):
See France above and Guyana below.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
French Polynesia (territory of France):
The geographic term "Polynesia" means "many islands", formed from the Greek roots p??? (polý), "much, many" and ??s?? (nesos), "island".
See also France above.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Gabon:
From Gabão, the Portuguese name for the Komo river estuary (French: Estuaire de Gabon). The estuary took its name from its shape, which resembles that of a hooded overcoat (gabão). Gabão comes from Arabic ???? (qaba’).
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Gambia, The:
From the river Gambia that runs through the country. The word gambia supposedly derives from the Portuguese word câmbio (meaning "trade" or "exchange"), in reference to the trade the Portuguese carried out in the area.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Georgia (the west Asian country):
Main article: Name of Georgia
Derived from Persian Gurj,[7][8] probably derived from a PIE term meaning "mountainous". In classical times Greeks referring to the region used the names of Colchis (the coastal region along the Black Sea) and Iberia (further inland to the east). Some also believed that Georgia was so named by the Greeks on account of its agricultural resources, since "georgia" (?e????a) means "farming" in Greek. However, the apparently Greek name is now taken to be a derivation from the Persian root Gurj.[9] Both names probably derive from indigenous Caucasian languages.
Gruzia in Slavic languages (?????? in Russian, for example) and in Hebrew (??????), and Gorjestân (???????) in Persian derive from the same source. Gruzia, probably imported from Russian, is used in Vietnamese.
Sakartvelo (Georgian name; in English commonly "Kartvelia"): derived from a pagan god called Kartlos, once regarded as the father of all Georgians.
Vrastan (Armenian: ???????)
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Germany:
Main article: Names for Germany
From Latin "Germania", of the 3rd century BC, of unknown origin. The Oxford English Dictionary records theories about the Celtic roots gair ("neighbour") (from Zeuss), and gairm ("battle-cry") (from Wachter and from Grimm). Eric Partridge suggested *gar ("to shout"), and describes the gar ("spear") theory as "obsolete". Italian, Romanian, and other languages use the latinate Germania as the name for Germany. The Irish language uses An Ghearmáin, also cognate.
Allemagne (French), Alemania (Spanish), Alemanha (Portuguese), ??????? (Arabic), Almân (Persian), Almanya (Turkish): from the name of the Alamanni, a southern Germanic tribe, itself probably meaning "all the men", i.e. referring to a confederation of tribes.
Deutschland (German), Duitsland (Dutch): from the Old High German word diutisc, meaning "of the people" (itself from ancient Germanic thiuda or theoda, "people") and land, "land": "land of the people". Of the same root are Tyskland (Danish, Norwegian, Swedish), Þýskaland (Icelandic) and tedesco (Italian adjective form).
Niemcy (Polish), Nemecko (Czech), Nemecko (Slovak), Nemcija (Slovene), ???????? ("nemetski") - but ???????? ("Germania") for the country (Russian), Németország (Hungarian): Either from a Slavic root meaning "mute", "dumb", i.e., metaphorically, "those who do not speak our language" or from the Germanic Nemetes tribe.
Purutia (Tahitian): Prussia.
Saksa (Estonian, Finnish): from the name of the Germanic tribe of Saxons (in turn, possibly from Old High German sahs, "knife").
Vacija (Latvian), Vokietija (Lithuanian).
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Ghana:
After the ancient West African kingdom of the same name. The modern territory of Ghana, however, never formed part of the previous polity. J. B. Danquah suggested the use of the name in the run-up to Ghanaian independence. His research led him to believe that modern Ghanaian peoples descended from the ancient Ghana Kingdom; others dispute his conclusions.
Gold Coast (former name): after the large amount of gold that colonisers found in the country. Compare the names Europeans gave to nearby stretches of shore: "Ivory Coast", "Slave Coast" and "Grain Coast".
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Gibraltar (overseas territory of the United Kingdom):
A corruption of the Arabic words Jebel Tarik which means "Tarik's Mountain", named after Tarik-ibn-Zeyad, a Berber who landed at Gibraltar in 711 to launch the Islamic invasion of the Iberian Peninsula.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Greece:
Main article: Names of the Greeks
From the Latin Græcus (Greek G?a????, claimed by Aristotle to refer to the name of the original people of Epirus)[10]
Hellas/Ellas/Ellada (Greek name): land of the Hellenes, descended in mythology from the patriarch Hellen (not the abducted Helen); From Ancient Greek ????? (Hellen) "Greek" of unknown etymology. In Greek mythology ?????, whom the ?????e? (Hellenes) "Greeks" were named after, was the son of ?e??a???? (Deucalion) and ????a (Pyrrha).
Hurumistan (Kurdish variant), Ur?m (????, Adyghe):
Saberdzne?i (??????????, Georgian):
Yunanistan (Azeri, Kurdish variant, Turkish), al-Yunan (Arabic), Yunan (Persian), Yavan (Hebrew): after Ionians, an older name for Greeks of Asia Minor
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Grenada:
After the southern Spanish city of Granada. From Jewish and Arabic inhabitants around 1000 AD: Gárnata (Arabic: ??????). Columbus originally named the island Concepción ("Conception" in English).
Guadeloupe territory of France):
Christopher Columbus named the island in honour of Santa María de Guadalupe in Extremadura, Spain, when he landed in 1493. The Spanish spelling is Guadalupe.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Guam (territory of the United States of America):
From the native Chamorro word guahan, meaning "we have".
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Guatemala:
The country name comes from the Nahuatl Cuauhtemallan, "place of many trees", a translation of K'iche' Mayan K’ii’chee’, "many trees" (that is, "forest").[11] When the Spanish arrived, they saw a decayed tree with lots of trees around it right in front of the palace. The Spanish believed this the center of the Mayan Kingdom. When the Spanish asked the name of the area, the Native Amerindians told them that name.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Guinea:
From the Susu (Sousou) language meaning "Women". The first Europeans to arrive in the area would have heard Susu, the main language spoken by the inhabitants of coastal Guinea. The English form comes via Portuguese Guiné from a (presumed) indigenous African name. Or possibly from the Berber Akal n-Iguinawen meaning "land of the blacks".
French Guinea (former name): after the colonial ruler (France), and "Guinea" as above.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Guyana:
From the indigenous peoples who called the land "Guiana", meaning "land of many waters", in reference to large number of rivers in the area.
British Guiana (former name): after the colonial ruler (Britain). "Guiana" has the same etymology as "Guyana".
See also Britain above
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Haiti:
From Taíno/Arawak Indian, Hayiti or Hayti, meaning "mountainous land", originally Hayiti. The name derives from the mountainous and hilly landscape of the western half of the island of Hispaniola.
Hispaniola (name of the island shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic) - Spanish for "Little Spain".
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Honduras:
Christopher Columbus named the country "Honduras", Spanish for "depths", referring to the deep waters off the northern coast.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Hong Kong:
The name "Hong Kong" in the English language is an approximate phonetic rendering of the Cantonese or Hakka pronunciation of the spoken Cantonese name "??", meaning "fragrant harbour".[12]
Before 1842, the name Hong Kong originally referred colloquially to a small inlet (now Aberdeen Harbour/Little Hong Kong) between the island of Ap Lei Chau and the south side of the island which later became known as Hong Kong. The inlet was one of the first points of contact between British sailors and local fishermen.[13] The reference to fragrance may refer to the harbour waters sweetened by the fresh water esturine influx of the Pearl River, or to the incense factories lining the coast to the north of Kowloon which was stored around Aberdeen Harbour for export, before the development of Victoria Harbour.[12]
In 1842, the Treaty of Nanking was signed, and the name Hong Kong was first recorded on official documents to encompass the entirety of the Island.[14] The Convention of Peking (1860) and Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory (1898) added the Kowloon peninsula and New Territories into Hong Kong's territory, which has remained unchanged until the present.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Hungary:
Turkic: on-ogur, "(people of the) ten arrows" - in other words, "alliance of the ten tribes". Byzantine chronicles gave this name to the Hungarians; the chroniclers mistakenly assumed that the Hungarians had Turkic origins, based on their Turkic-nomadic customs and appearance, despite the Finno-Ugric language of the people. The Hungarian tribes later actually formed an alliance of the seven Hungarian and three Khazarian tribes, but the name is from before then, and first applied to the original seven Hungarian tribes. The ethnonym Hunni (referring to the Huns) has influenced the Latin (and English) spelling.
Uhorshchyna (????????, Ukrainian), Vuhoršcyna (??????????, Belarusian), Wegry (Polish), Wedzierskô (Kashubian), and Ugre (Old Russian): from the Turkic "on-ogur", see above. The same root emerges in the ethnonym Yugra in Siberia, inhabited by Khanty and Mansi people, the closest relatives to Hungarians in the Finno-Ugric language family.
Magyarország (native name - "land of the Magyars"), and derivatives, eg. Czech Madarsko, Turkish Macaristan: According to a famous Hungarian chronicle (Simon of Kéza: Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum, 1282), Magyar (Magor), the forefather of all Hungarians, had a brother named Hunor (the ancestor of the Huns); their father king Menrot, builder of the tower of Babel, equates to the Nimrod of the Hebrew Bible.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Iceland:
Main article: Names for Iceland
"Land of ice" (Ísland in Icelandic). Popularly (but falsely) attributed to an attempt to dissuade outsiders from attempting to settle on the land. In fact, the early explorer and settler Flóki Vilgerðarson named the island after spotting "a firth full of drift ice" to the north[citation needed].
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
India:
Main article: Origin of India's name
Derived from Sindhu, the original name of the Indus River which gave its name to the land of Sindh. Derivations of the Persian form of the name, Hind, were later applied to the region encompassing modern-day Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh, prior to their separation in 1947.
Bharat (Sanskrit name): Popular accounts derive "Bharat" from the name of either of two ancient kings named Bharata.
Hindustan (Hindi name): The name Hind is from a Persian pronunciation of Sind. The Persian -stan means "country" or "land" (cognate to Sanskrit sthana: "place, land"). India is known as al-Hind (?????) in Arabic (and sometimes Persian, as in in the 11th century text; Tarik Al-Hind, "history of India") and Hind (???) in Persian. It also occurs intermittently in India, as in the phrase "Jai Hind". The terms Hind and Hindustan were current in Persian and Arabic from the 11th century Islamic conquests: the rulers in the Sultanate and Mughal periods called their Indian dominion, centred around Delhi, Hindustan.
The word Hindu (??????) was lent from Persian into Sanskrit in early medieval times and is attested - in the sense of dwellers of the Indian subcontinent - in some texts, such as Bhavishya Purana, Kalika Purana, Merutantra, Ramakosha, Hemantakavikosha and Adbhutarupakosha.
The name Hindustan was in use synonymously with India during the British Raj. The term is from the Persian Hindustan ????????,[clarification needed] as is the term Hindu itself. It entered the English language in the 17th century. In the 19th century, the term as used in English referred to the northern region of India between the Indus and Brahmaputra and between the Himalayas and the Vindhyas in particular, hence the term Hindustani for the Hindi-Urdu language.
rGya.gar (Dzongkha), rGya.gar.yal (Tibetan variant):
??????? or ???? H?ddû (Hebrew):
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Indonesia:
apparently invented in the mid-19th century to mean "Indies Islands", from the Greek ??s?? (nesos, "island"), added to the country name "India". (Europeans previously referred to Indonesia as the "East Indies".)
Dutch East Indies (Dutch: Nederlands Oost-Indie) (former name): after the former colonial ruler (Netherlands).
Nam Duong (Vietnamese variant):
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Iran:
"Land of the Aryans" or "land of the free". The term "Arya" is from a Proto Indo-European root, generally meaning "noble" or "free", cognate with the Greek-derived word "aristocrat".
Persia (former name): from Latin, via Greek Persis, from Old Persian Paarsa, a place name of a central district within the region: modern Fars. A common Hellenic folk-etymology derives "Persia" from "Land of Perseus".
Uajemi (Swahili variant): from the Arabic word Ajam, which means any non-Arabs, including Persians, specifically, "the ones whose language we don't understand"[citation needed].
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Iraq:
One theory is that it is derived from the city of Erech/Uruk (also known as "Warka") near the river Euphrates. Some archaeologists regard Uruk as the first major Sumerian city. However, it is more plausible that name is derived from the Middle Persian word Erak, meaning "lowlands". The natives of the southwestern part of today's Iran called their land "the Persian Iraq" for many centuries (for Arabs: Iraq ajemi: non-Arabic-speaking Iraq). Before the constitution of the state of Iraq, the term "Iraq arabi" referred to the region around Baghdad and Basra.
Mesopotamia (ancient name and Greek variant): a loan-translation (Greek meso- (between) and potamos (river), meaning "Between the Rivers") of the ancient Semitic Beth-Nahrin, "Land of two Rivers", referring to the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Ireland:
After "Éire" from Proto-Celtic *Iweriu, "the fertile place" or "Place of Éire (Eriu)", a Celtic fertility goddess. Often mistakenly derived as "Land of Iron", or from a reflex of Proto-Indo-European *arya, or from variations of the Irish word for "west" (modern Irish iar, iarthar).
Hibernia (ancient name and Latin variant): apparently assimilated to Latin hibernus ("wintry").
Ireland is known as Eirinn in Scottish Gaelic, from a grammatical case of Éire. In the fellow Celtic languages: in Welsh it is Iwerddon; in Cornish it is Ywerdhon or Worthen; and in Breton it is Iwerzhon.
In Gaelic bardic tradition Ireland is also known by the poetical names of Banbha (meaning "piglet") and Fódhla. In Gaelic myth, Ériu, Banbha and Fódla were three goddesses who greeted the Milesians upon their arrival in Ireland, and who granted them custody of the island.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Israel:
Israel takes its name from the biblical patriarch Jacob, later known as Israel, literally meaning "struggled with God/he struggles with God". According to the account in the Book of Genesis, Jacob wrestled with a stranger at a river ford and won—through perseverance. God then changed his name to Israel, signifying that he had deliberated with God and won, as he had wrestled and won with men.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Jamaica:
Taíno/Arawak Indian Xaymaca or Hamaica, "Land of wood and water" or perhaps "Land of springs".
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Jordan:
After the river Jordan, the name of which derives from the Hebrew and Canaanite root yrd - "descend" (into the Dead Sea.) The river Jordan forms part of the border between Jordan and Israel/West Bank.
Transjordan (former name): "Trans" means "across" or "beyond", i.e. east of the river Jordan.
Urdun (Arabic), literal translation of name Jordan, sometimes spelled Urdan.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Kenya:
After Mount Kenya, from the Kikuyu name Kere-Nyaga ("Mountain of Whiteness").
British East Africa (former name): after its geographical position on the continent of Africa and the former colonial power, (Britain).
See also Britain, above, and Africa on the Place name etymology page.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Kiribati:
An adaptation of "Gilbert", from the former European name the "Gilbert Islands". Pronounced ['ki?ibas].
Gilbert Islands (former name): named after the British Captain Thomas Gilbert, who sighted the islands in 1788.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Korea (South and North):
From "Gaoli," a name used by Marco Polo. It is derived from "Goryeo Dynasty" (918–1392). This name is a shortened form of Goguryeo (37 BC to AD 668). South Koreans call Korea Hanguk (from the Great Han Empire of 1897–1910), while North Koreans call it Joseon (from the Kingdom of Great Joseon (1392-1897)).
See also: Names of Korea.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Kosovo:
Kosovo is a widely used place name in Slavic countries, stemming from the word kos, which means "blackbird". Meaning land of the blackbirds in Serbian.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Laos:
Coined under French rule, derived from Lao lao, meaning "a Laotian" or "Laotian", possibly originally from an ancient Indian word lava. (Lava is the name of one of the twin sons of the god Rama.) The name might also be from Ai-Lao, the old Chinese name for the Tai ethnic groups to which the Lao people belong.[16] Formerly known as Lan Xang or "land of a million elephants".
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Latvia:
Derived from the regional name Latgale, the "Lat-" part associated with several Baltic hydronyms, and -gale meaning "land" or "boundary land", of Baltic origin.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Lebanon:
The name Lebanon (Lubnan in standard Arabic; Lebnan or Lebnèn in local dialect) is derived from the Semitic root "LBN", which is linked to several closely-related meanings in various languages, such as "white" and "milk". This is regarded as a reference to the snow-capped Mount Lebanon. Occurrences of the name have been found in three of the twelve tablets of the Epic of Gilgamesh (2900 BC), the texts of the library of Ebla (2400 BC), and the Bible (71 times in the Bible's Old Testament).
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Lesotho:
After the indigenous Sotho people, whose own name means "black" or "dark-skinned".
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Liberia:
From the Latin liber: "free", so named because the country was established as a homeland for freed (liberated) African-American slaves.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Libya:
After an ancient Berber tribe called Libyans by the Greeks and Rbw by the Egyptians. Until the country's independence, the term "Libya" generally applied only to the vast desert between the Tripolitanian Lowland and the Fazzan plateau (to the west) and Egypt's Nile river valley (to the east). With "Tripoli" the name of new country's capital, and the old northeastern regional name "Cyrenaica" having passed into obsolescence, "Libya" became a convenient name for the country, despite the fact that much of the desert called the Libyan desert is Egyptian territory.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Liechtenstein:
From the German "Light stone" ("light" as in "bright"). The country took its name from the Liechtenstein dynasty, which purchased and united the counties of Schellenburg and Vaduz. The Holy Roman Emperor allowed the dynasty to re-name the new property after itself. Liechtenstein and Luxembourg are the only German-speaking former Holy Roman Empire duchies not assimilated by the countries Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Luxembourg:
From Celtic Lucilem "small" (cognate to English "little") and Germanic burg: "castle", thus lucilemburg: "little castle". Luxembourg and Liechtenstein are the only German-speaking former Holy Roman Empire duchies not assimilated by the countries Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Macau:
The territory's name is a Portuguese adaptation of a local name for the bay: A-Ma-Gao or Bay of A-Ma. Adapted by the Portuguese as Macau or Macao.[17]
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Macedonia:
The country name is from the Greek: ?a?ed???a (Makedonía),[18][19] a kingdom (later, region) named after the ancient Macedonians. Their name, ?a?ed??e? (Makedónes), derives ultimately from the ancient Greek adjective µa?ed??? (makednós), meaning "tall, taper",[20] which shares the same root as the noun µ????? (mákros), meaning "length" in both ancient and modern Greek.[21][22][23] The name is originally believed to have meant either "highlanders" or "the tall ones".[24] The provisional term the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia is used in many international contexts in acknowledgment of a political dispute with Greece over the historical legitimacy of the country's use of the name.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Madagascar:
From the name of the island in Malagasy language: Madagasikara, itself derived from the proto-Malay "end of the Earth",[citation needed] a reference to the island's long distance by sea from an earlier homeland in Southeast Asia.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Malawi:
Possibly based on a native word meaning "flaming water" or "tongues of fire," believed to have derived from the sun's dazzling reflections on Lake Malawi. But President Hastings Banda, the founding President of Malawi, reported in interviews that in the 1940s he saw a "Lac Maravi" shown in "Bororo" country on an antique French map titled "La Basse Guinee Con[t]enant Les Royaumes de Loango, de Congo, d'Angola et de Benguela" and he liked the name "Malawi" better than "Nyasa" (or "Maravi"). "Lac Marawi" does not necessarily correspond to today's Lake Malawi. Banda had such influence at the time of independence in 1964 that he named the former Nyasaland "Malawi", and the name stuck.
Nyasaland (former name): "Nyasa" literally means "lake" in the local indigenous languages. The name applied to Lake Malawi (formerly Lake Nyasa, or "Niassa").
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Malaysia:
The word Malaya is a combination of two Tamil/Sanskrit words, Malay or Malai (hill) and Ur (town), meaning hilltown. The name came into use when several Indian Kingdoms entered Malaysia dating back to the 3rd Century (see Srivijaya). Hence, the Latin/Greek suffix -sia, makes the name Malaysia, literally meaning Land of the Malay people. The continental part of the country bore the name Malaya (without the "-si-") until 1963, when it federated with the territories of Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore on the northern part of the island of Borneo. Singapore was expelled in 1965. The name change indicated the change of the country's boundaries beyond Malay Peninsula. Malaysian refers to Malaysians of all races, while Malay refers to the native Malay people, who are about half the population.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Maldives:
From the Arabic mahal ("palace") or Dhibat-al-Mahal / Dhibat Mahal, as Arabs formerly called the country. Therefore it could mean "Palace Islands", because the main island, Malé, held the palace of the islands' Sultan. Some scholars believe that the name "Maldives" derives from the Sanskrit maladvipa, meaning "garland of islands". Some sources say that the Tamil malai or Malayalam mala: "mountain(s)", and Sanskrit diva: "island", thus, "Mountain Islands".
Dhivehi Raajje (Maldivian name): "Kingdom of Maldivians". Dhivehi is a noun describing the Dhives people (Maldivians) and their language "Dhivehi" simultaneously.
Maladwipa: Sanskrit for "garland (mala, pronounced /maalaa/) of islands"; or, more likely, "small islands", from mala (pronounced /mala/) meaning "small".
Dhibat Mahal (Arabic).
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Mali:
After the ancient West African kingdom of the same name, where a large part of the modern country is. The word mali means "hippopotamus" in Malinké and Bamana.
French Sudan (former colonial name). In French Soudan français. The term Sudan (see below) stems from the Arabic bilad as-sudan: "land of the Blacks".
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Malta:
From either Greek or Phoenician. Of the two cultures, available evidence suggests that the Greeks had an earlier presence on the island, from as far back as 700 BC.[25] The Greeks are known to have called the island Melita meaning "honey", as did the Romans; solid evidence for this is Malta's domination by the Byzantine Empire from 395 through to 870. It is still nicknamed the "land of honey".[25][26] The theory for a Phoenican origin of the word is via Maleth meaning "a haven".[27] The modern-day name comes from the Maltese language, through an evolution of one of the earlier names.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Marshall Islands:
Named after British Captain John Marshall, who first documented the existence of the islands in 1788.
Marshallese: M¸ajel
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Martinique (territory of France):
When Christopher Columbus landed on the island in 1502 he named it in honour of St. Martin. (He had sailed past it in 1493 but did not land.)
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Mauritania:
Latin for "land of the Moors". Misnamed after the classical Mauretania in northern Morocco, itself named after the Berber Mauri or Moor tribe.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Mauritius:
Named Prins Maurits van Nassaueiland in 1598 after Maurice of Nassau (1567–1625), Stadtholder of Holland and Prince of Orange (1585–1625).
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Mexico
Main article: Etymology of Mexico
After the Mexica branch of the Aztecs. The origin of the term "Mexxica" is uncertain. Some take it as the old Nahuatl word for the sun. Others say it derived from the name of the leader Mexitli. Others ascribe it to a type of weed that grows in Lake Texcoco. Leon Portilla suggests that it means "navel of the moon" from Nahuatl metztli ("moon") and xictli ("navel"). Alternatively, it could mean "navel of the maguey" (Nahuatl metl). See also Mexican state name etymologies.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Moldova
Main article: Etymology of Moldova
From the Moldova River in Romania, possibly from Gothic Mulda: "dust", "mud", via the Principality of Moldavia (Moldova in Romanian).
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Monaco
From the ancient Greek monoikos 'single-dwelling', through Latin Monoecus. Originally the name of an ancient colony founded in the 6th century B.C. by Phocian Greeks, and a by-name of the demigod Hercules worshiped there. (The association of Monaco with monks (Italian monaci) dates from the Grimaldi conquest of 1297: see coat of arms of Monaco.)
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Mongolia
From Mongol; it probably means "brave" or "fearless".
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Montenegro
Venetian conquerors gave Montenegro its name, Montenegro meaning "black mountain", after the appearance of Mount Lovcen or most likely its dark coniferous forests. "Montenegro" is in the Venetian dialect), while the standard Italian would be monte nero, without the "g".
Crna Gora (the local Serbian/Montenegrin name for Montenegro): literally translates as "black mountain".
Doclea (ancient name for Montenegro): Doclea, the name of the region during the early period of the Roman Empire, reflected the name of an early Illyrian tribe. In later centuries, Romans "hyper-corrected" it to "Dioclea", wrongly guessing that an "I" had disappeared due to vulgar speech corruption.
Zeta (ancient name for Montenegro): The earliest Slavic name Zeta derives from the name of a river in Montenegro which itself derives from an early root meaning "harvest" or "grain".
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Morocco:
From Marruecos, the Spanish pronunciation of the name of the city of "Marrakesh" (more precisely Marrakush), believed to derive from the Berber words (ta)murt: "land" (or (a)mur "part") + akush: "God".
Al Maghrib (Arabic name): "the farthest west".
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Mozambique:
From the name of the Island of Mozambique, which in turn probably comes from the name of a previous Arab ruler, the sheik Mussa Ben Mbiki.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Myanmar:
One explanation is that the name derives from the Burmese short-form name Myanma Naingngandaw. An alternative etymology suggests that myan means "quick/fast" and mar means "hard-tough-strong". The re-naming of the country in 1989 has aroused political controversy: certain minority groups and activist communities perceive "Myanmar" to be a purely Burmese name that reflects the policy of domination of the ethnic Burman majority over the minorities. Those groups do not recognize the legitimacy of the ruling military government nor its authority to change the English name of the country. Accordingly, such groups, who have become accustomed to calling the country by its English name, continue to refer to Myanmar as "Burma".
Burma (former name): The name Burma apparently derives from the Sanskrit name for the region: Brahmadesh, land of (the deity) Brahma.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Nauru:
The name "Nauru" may derive from the Nauruan word Anáoero, which means "I go to the beach". The German settlers called the island Nawodo or Onawero.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Nepal:
The name "Nepal" is derived from "Nepa" as mentioned in the historical maps of South Asia. "Nepa" literally means "those who domesticate cattle" in the Tibeto-Burman languages. The land was known by its people the Nepa or Nepar, Newar, Newa, Newal etc., who still inhabit the area i.e. the valley of Kathmandu and its surroundings. The Newa people use "Ra" and "La" or "Wa" and "Pa" interchangeably, hence the different names mentioned above.
Some say it derives from the Sanskrit nipalaya, which means "at the foot of the mountains" or "abode at the foot," referring to its proximity to the Himalayas. (Compare the analogous European toponym "Piedmont".) Others suggest that it derives from the Tibetan niyampal, which means "holy land".
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Netherlands:
Germanic for "low lands".
Holland (part of the Netherlands; a name often incorrectly used to refer to the country as a whole): Germanic holt-land ("wooded land") (often incorrectly regarded as meaning "hollow [i.e. marsh] land").
Batavia (Latin): derived from the name of the Germanic Batavii tribe.
Nederland (Dutch) "low-land". (Neder is a Dutch cognate to the English "nether": low or lower.)
Alankomaat (Finnish): "low lands".
Na hÍsiltíre (Irish): "the low lands".
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Netherlands Antilles: (territory of Netherlands):
"Antilles" from a mythical land or island (Antillia), west of Europe, or a combination of two Portuguese words ante or anti (possibly meaning "opposite" in the sense of "on the opposite side of the world") and ilha ("island"), currently the name for these Caribbean Islands. "Netherlands" after the colonial ruler, the Netherlands.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
New Caledonia (territory of France):
Captain James Cook named the islands in 1774 after Scotland, which is "Caledonia" in Latin). The mountains he saw reminded him, he said, of those in Scotland.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
New Zealand:
After the province of Zeeland in the Netherlands, which means "sea land", referring to the large number of islands it contains. Abel Tasman referred to New Zealand as Staten Landt, but later Dutch cartographers used Nova Zeelandia, in Latin, followed by Nieuw Zeeland in Dutch, which Captain James Cook later anglicised to New Zealand.
Aotearoa has become the most common name for the country in the indigenous Maori language, supplanting the loan-phrase Niu Tireni. Aotearoa conventionally means "land of the long white cloud".
Nua Shealtainn in both Irish and Scottish Gaelic, meaning "New Shetland" (Sealtainn), itself from a metathesised form of Scots Shetland. Gaelic speakers seem to have folk-etymologised Zeeland when translating New Zealand's name from English.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Nicaragua:
A merger coined by the Spanish explorer Gil González Dávila after Nicarao, a leader of an indigenous community inhabiting the shores of Lake Nicaragua and agua, the Spanish word for "water"; subsequently, the ethnonym of that native community.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Niger:
English pronunciation: nee-zhay.
Named after the Niger River, from a native term Ni Gir or "River Gir". The name has often been misinterpreted, especially by Latinists, to be derived from the Latin niger ("black"), a reference to the dark complexions of the inhabitants of the region.
See also Nigeria, below.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Nigeria:
After the Niger river that flows through the western areas of the country and into the ocean.
See also Niger, above.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Niue (territory of New Zealand):
Niu probably means "coconut," and é means "behold." According to legend, the Polynesian explorers who first settled the island knew that they had come close to land when they saw a coconut floating in the water. There is also a coincidental similarity with the Germanic words niew, nieu, niewe, niue, nieue, niewe, nieuw, nieuwe, niuewe niuew, new, and the Latinic neo.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Norfolk Island (territory of Australia):
The first European known to have sighted the island, Captain James Cook, in 1774, on his second voyage to the South Pacific on HMS Resolution, named it after the wife of the premier peer of Britain, Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk (1685–1777).
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Northern Mariana Islands (commonwealth in political union with the United States of America):
Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan (the first European to sight the islands, in 1521), named them Islas de los Ladrones ("Islands of Thieves"). In 1668 Jesuit missionary San Vitores changed the name to Las Marianas in honour of Mariana of Austria (1634–1696), widow of king Philip IV and regent of Spain (1665–1675).
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
North Korea:
After the location in Korea.
See also Korea above
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Norway:
From the old Norse norðr and vegr, "northern way". Norðrvegr refers to long coastal passages from the western tip of Norway to its northernmost lands in the Arctic.
Natively called Norge (Noreg in Nynorsk).
Urmane, or Murmane in Old Russian: from the Norse pronunciation of the word Normans: "Northmen". (This word survives in the name of the Russian city Murmansk.)
An Iorua (Irish) seems to derive from a misinterpretation of Old Norse Norðrvegr as beginning the Irish definite article an, common to most country names in Irish. The rest of the word was then taken as the country name. (A similar process took place in the development of the English word "adder": originally "a nadder".)
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Occitania:
Occitània in Occitan. From medieval Latin Occitania (approximately since 1290). The first part of the name, Occ-, is from Occitan [lenga d']òc or Italian [lingua d']oc (i.e. "Language of Òc"), a name given to the Occitan language by Dante according to its way of saying "yes" (òc). The ending -itania is probably an imitation of the old Latin name [Aqu]itania].
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Oman:
The name Oman (also Uman) is ancient. In his translation of a History of the Imams and Seyyids of Oman, George Badger says that the name was already in use by early Greek and Arab geographers. The book Oman in History (Arabic: Tarikh fi Uman) notes that the Roman historian Yalainous (23–79 AD) mentions a city on the Arab peninsula he calls "Omana." The city (probably ancient Sohar, on the Omani coast) gave its name to the region.
According to Tarikh fi Uman, "various Arab scholars proposed a variety of different linguistic origins for the name 'Oman'." Ibn al-Qabi suggested it comes from the adjective aamen, or amoun, meaning "settled (as opposed to nomadic) man." Other scholars have suggested the city was named after any of a number of historic, legendary or biblical founding figures, including Oman bin Ibrahim al-Khalil, Oman bin Siba' bin Yaghthan bin Ibrahim, Oman bin Qahtan, and Oman bin Loot (the Arabic name for the biblical figure Lot). Still others have suggested the name is based on a valley in Yemen from which the city's founders came.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Pakistan:
The Cambridge student and Muslim nationalist Choudhary Rahmat Ali coined this name. He devised the word and first published it on 28 January 1933 in the pamphlet "Now or Never". He constructed the name as an acronym of the different states/homelands/regions, which broke down into: P=Punjab, A=Afghania (Ali's preferred name for the North West Frontier Province), K=Kashmir, S=Sindh and the suffix -stan from Balochistan, thus forming "Pakstan". An "i" intruded later to ease pronunciation. The suffix -stan in Persian means "home of" and in Sanskrit means "place". Rahmat Ali later expanded upon this in his 1947 book Pakistan: the Fatherland of the Pak Nation. In that book he explains the acronym as follows: P=Punjab, A=Afghania, K=Kashmir, I=Indus Valley, S=Sindh, T=Turkharistan (roughly the modern central-Asian states), A=Afghanistan and N=BalochistaN. The Persian word ??? pak, which means "pure", adds another shade of meaning, with the full name thus meaning "land of the pure". Many Central and South Asian states and regions end with the element -Stan, such as Afghanistan, Pakistan, Baluchistan, Kurdistan and East Turkestan. This Stan is formed from the Iranian root *STA "to stand, stay," and means "place (where one stays), home, country." Iranian peoples have been the principal inhabitants of the geographical region occupied by these states for over thousand years. The names are compounds of -Stan and the name of the people living there. Pakistan is a bit of exception; its name was coined in 1933 using the suffix -istan from Baluchistan preceded by the initial letters. Interestingly, a word almost identical in form, etymology, and meaning to the Iranian suffix -stan is found in Polish, which has a word stan meaning "State" (in the senses of both polity and condition). It can be found in the Polish name for the "United States of America." Stany Zjednoczone Ameryki (literally "States United of America". Use of the name gradually spread during the successful campaign for the seccesion of a Muslim state from British India Empire.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Panama:
After a former village near the modern capital, Panama City. From the Cueva Indian language meaning "place of abundance of fish" or "place of many fish", possibly from the Caribe "abundance of butterflies", or possibly from another native term referring to the Panama tree.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Peru:
The exact meaning behind the word "Peru" is obscure. The most popular theory derives it from the native word biru, meaning "river" (compare with the River Biru in modern Ecuador). Another explanation claims that it comes from the name of the Indian chieftain Beru. Spanish explorers asked him the name of the land, but not understanding their language, he assumed they wanted his own name, which he gave them. Another possible origin is pelu, presumptively an old native name of the region.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Philippines:
"Lands of King Philip" (Philip II of Spain, reigned 1556–1598). The suffix "-ines" functions adjectivally. A recent and romantic descriptive name, "Pearl of the Orient Seas", derives from the poem, Mi Ultimo Adios, written by Philippine nationalist hero José Rizal. Other names include Katagalugan (used by the Katipunan when referring to the Philippines and meaning "land/region of the river-dwellers", though that name originally refers to the Tagalog areas) and Maharlika (from the name of the upper class in pre-Hispanic Philippines, meaning "noble").
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Poland:
"Land of Polans", the territory of the tribe of Polans (Polanie). When the Polans formed a united Poland in the 10th century, this name also came into use for the whole Polish country. The name "Poland" (Polska) expressed both meanings until, in the 13th/14th century, the original territory of the Polans became known as Greater Poland (Wielkopolska) instead. The name of the tribe comes probably from Polish pole: "field" or "open field".
Lengyelország (Hungarian), Lenkija (Lithuanian), Lahestân (Persian) all derive from the Old Ruthenian or Old Polish ethnonym ledenin (possibly "man ploughing virgin soil") and its augmentative lech.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Saint Kitts and Nevis:
St. Kitts took its name in honour of Saint Christopher, the patron saint of travelling. Christopher Columbus probably named the island for Saint Christopher, though this remains uncertain. British sailors later shortened the name to St. Kitts. Nevis derives from the Spanish phrase Nuestra Senora de las Nieves, which means "Our Lady of the Snows", after the permanent halo of white clouds that surrounded mountains on the island.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Saint Lucia:
According to tradition, named after Saint Lucy by French sailors shipwrecked on the island on 13 December 1502 - the feast day of Saint Lucy.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Samoa:
The islands allegedly derive their name from that of a local chieftain, or from an indigenous word meaning "place of the moa". The moa, a large bird now extinct, may have served as the islanders' totem.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Scotland ( Country of the United Kingdom):
Main article: Etymology of Scotland
Land of the Scots, from Old English Scottas, "inhabitants of Ireland." Old English borrowed the word from late Latin Scotti, of unknown origin. It may possibly have come from an Irish term of scorn, scuit. After the departure of the Romans from Britain in 423, an Irish tribe invaded Scotland, and the name came with them. It later extended to other Irish who settled in the northern regions of Britain.
Alba (Gaelic name): The Scots- and Irish-Gaelic name for Scotland derives from the same Celtic root as the name Albion, which designates sometimes the entire island of Great Britain and sometimes the country of England, Scotland's southern neighbour. The term arguably derives from an early Indo-European word meaning 'white', generally held to refer to the cliffs of white chalk around the English town of Dover, ironically located at the furthest end of Great Britain from Scotland itself. Others take it to come from the same root as "the Alps", possibly being an ancient word for mountain. Originally referred to all of Britain, but later referred to the Gaelic colonies in Britain, and eventually only to Scotland- the last Gaelic colony.
Caledonia, an old Latin name for Scotland, deriving from the Caledonii tribe. Caledonia in Greek also means "good waters".
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Serbia
The exact origin of the name is uncertain (see name of Serbs). The name of the Sorbs in present-day Germany has the same origin.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Slovakia:
From the Slavic "Slavs". The origin of the word Slav itself remains controversial.
See also: origin of the term Slav
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (territory of the United Kingdom):
On 17 January 1775 the British Captain James Cook landed on the main island and named it the "Isle of Georgia" in honour of King George III of the United Kingdom. He named the South Sandwich Islands after John Montagu, the 4th Earl of Sandwich, who served as the First Lord of the Admiralty at the time and who had helped fund Cook's explorations. The word "South" was added to distinguish these islands from the Sandwich Islands, now known as Hawaii.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
South Korea:
After the location in Korea.
See also Korea above
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Switzerland:
From the toponym Schwyz (see there) first attested AD 972 as Suittes, derived from an Alemannic proper name Suito.
Helvetia (ancient Latin name), after the Celtic Helvetii people.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Tajikistan:
Main article: Tajik people
"Tajikistan" or "Tojikiston" (alternative name) means "land of the Tajiks", with "Tajiks" being an alternative name of the Persians. Tajikistan is the only country in the Soviet Union Commonwealth which is Persian-speaking and its history goes back to the Persian Empire. The suffix -stan, from Persian, means "land".
The root word toj is derived from the Persian word for "crown". Because of the influence of the Russians during the Soviet period, the root word toj changed slightly and in time became tojik. The literal meaning of "Tajikistan" is "place where people have crowns."
Another possible root is the Tibetan Tag Dzig (pronounced "Tajik") by which they call all Persians, but in Tibetan this also means "tiger-leopard".[citation needed] This could explain why so many Tibetan legends about their western neighbours feature tiger/leopard combinations.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
United Arab Emirates:
The etymology of the term "Arab" or "Arabian" links with that of the place name "Arabia". The root of the word has many meanings in Semitic languages, including "west / sunset", "desert", "mingle", "merchant", "raven" and "comprehensible", all of which appear to have some relevance to the emergence of the name. Emirate refers to a territory ruled by an emir.
Trucial States, Trucial Oman (former names): Before 1971 English-speakers knew the area as the "Trucial States" or "Trucial Oman", in reference of a nineteenth-century truce between the British and Arab sheikhs. It borders Oman and Saudi Arabia.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
United Kingdom:
Shortened form of the full name: "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". The original 'United Kingdom' came into being on May 1st, 1707 when the Treaty of Union took effect and united the Kingdom of England (that included Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland to create a state referred to as the United Kingdom of Great Britain[34] In 1801, union with the Kingdom of Ireland created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland which officially changed to its present style in 1927 following the separation from the Union of the then Irish Free State (now Ireland), 5 years earlier.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Wales (Country of the United Kingdom):
From Old English Waelisc, Walh, meaning "Romanised" (Old English Waelisc also provides the source of English word Welsh). Anglo-Saxons used their version of an Old Teutonic term to apply to speakers of Celtic languages as well as to speakers of Latin. The same etymology applies to walnuts (meaning: nut of the Roman lands) as well as to Cornwall in Britain and to Wallonia in Belgium. Old Church Slavonic also borrowed the term from the Germanic, and it served as the origin of the name of the Romanian region of Wallachia.[36] Gaul or Gallia, as well as Gael and Gaelic share the same etymology, as G and W are often interchangeable between English and French (wasp/guêpe, ward/garde, etc.). In fact, the French word for Wales is "Pays de Galles", and Welsh is translated as "Gallois".
The Welsh word for Wales is Cymru, for the Welsh language Cymraeg, and for the Welsh people Cymry.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Western Sahara (claimed by Morocco and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic):
After its geographic position in the west of the Sahara desert. "Sahara" is an English pronunciation of the word for desert in Arabic. The local nationalist group the Polisario Front have named their government in exile the "Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic" after its people, the Sahrawis (or Saharawis).
Spanish Sahara (former name): after its geographic position in the Sahara desert and the former colonial power (Spain).
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Yugoslavia (former name):
From Jugoslavija, which means "Land of the South Slavs" (South Slavic jug means "south").
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
- ()
List of etymologies of country subdivision names
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_etymologies_of_country_subdivision_names
- ()
List of continent name etymologies
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_continent_name_etymologies
- ()
List of political entities named after people
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_entities_named_after_people
- ()
Lists of etymologies
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_etymologies
- ()
List of double placenames
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_double_placenames
- ()
Toponymy
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toponymy
Erstellt: 2010-??
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
References
- ^ http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=albania&searchmode=none
- ^ Anguilla's History, Government of Anguilla website
- ^ a b Encounter 1802 - 2002 : Collection Item View
- ^ "China", Online Etymology Dictionary
- ^ "china", The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Boston and New York, Houghton-Mifflin, 2000.
- ^ Liu, Lydia He, The clash of empires, p. 77.
- ^ Curtis, Glenn E. (2004). Georgia a Country Study. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 89. ISBN 1419121650.
- ^ Nasmyth, Peter (2001). Georgia: In the Mountains of Poetry. Routledge. pp. 9. ISBN 0700713956.
- ^ Wilson, Nigel Guy (2006). Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece. Routledge. pp. 320. ISBN 0415973341.
- ^ http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=greek&searchmode=none
- ^ Campbell, Lyle (1997). American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pg. 378 n. 10
- ^ a b Room, Adrian (2005). Placenames of the World. McFarland. pp. p168. ISBN 0786422483. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=M1JIPAN-eJ4C&pg=PA168&lpg=PA168&dq=hong+kong+etymology+fragrant+harbor&source=web&ots=idqkH_NOZK&sig=tDrezBcwrNKBib14Z6XRa-z9VhI&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result.
- ^ Bishop, Kevin; Roberts, Annabel (1997). China's Imperial Way. China Books. pp. p218. ISBN 9622175112. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1c0UyPNF_I0C&pg=PT216&lpg=PT216&dq=%22Heung+Gong+Tsai%22&source=web&ots=hwfbi_cIdH&sig=O12V-P04XM9fFJl7xWxFKLMW5Kw&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result#PPT214,M1.
- ^ Fairbank, John King. Trade and Diplomacy on the China Coast: The Opening of the Treaty Ports, 1842-1854. 2 vols. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1953.
- ^ Word Origins Vol. 841.
- ^ Singto - Dedicated to Thai Boxing, and all things Thai
- ^ Your Complete Guide to Macau at the Internet Archive
- ^ Macedonia, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon", at Perseus
- ^ http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=Macedonia&searchmode=none
- ^ Makednos, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon", at Perseus
- ^ Makros, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon", at Perseus
- ^ http://translate.google.com/translate_t#auto|en|%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82
- ^ http://el.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%82
- ^ Macedonia, Online Etymology Dictionary
- ^ a b "Notable dates in Malta's history". Department of Information - Maltese Government. 6 February 2008. http://www.doi.gov.mt/EN/islands/dates.asp.
- ^ "Controversy over unique Maltese bee population". Malta Today. 6 February 2008. http://www.maltatoday.com.mt/2003/06/29/l7.html.
- ^ UNESCO in action cultureThe shipwrecked memory of the L'Utile slaves: UNESCO
- ^ Room, Adrian (2006). Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,600 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features, and Historic Sites. McFarland. pp. 385. ISBN 0786422483.
- ^ Taylor, Isaac (2008). Names and Their Histories: A Handbook of Historical Geography and Topographical Nomenclature. BiblioBazaar, LLC. pp. 281. ISBN 0559296681.
- ^ Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (1987). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936. Brill. pp. 838. ISBN 9004082654.
- ^ Rossi, Peter M.; White, Wayne Edward (1980). Articles on the Middle East, 1947-1971: A Cumulation of the Bibliographies from the Middle East Journal. Pierian Press, University of Michigan. pp. 132.
- ^ Welcome parliament.uk, accessed 15 August, 2009
- ^ Nhu Trong Trung Bon Thi, "[www.anviettoancau.net/html/capnhat_7/trbontai.pdf An Introduction to Vietology]", p. 3.
- ^ [[Davies, John |Davies, John]] (1994). A History of Wales. London: Penguin. pp. 71. ISBN 0-14-01-4581-8.
- Room, Adrian. Brewer's Names: People. Places. Things. Cassell, 1992. ISBN 0-304-34077-4
- Room, Adrian. Placenames of the World, Origins and Meanings. McFarland and Company, Inc, Publishers, 1997. ISBN 0-7864-0172-9
- [hide]v • d • eLists by country
Articles that include one or more maps are shown in italics.
- Lists of topics Country articles · portals · categories · topics
- Culture · Demography · Economy · Geography · History · Law enforcement · Maps · Politics · Religion · Sport · Tourism · Transport
- Codes Airline codes · Call sign (ITU) prefixes · Country calling codes · FIFA country codes · FIPS country codes · Internet TLDs · IOC country codes · ISO country codes · Ship prefixes
- Names and symbols Demonyms · Etymologies · Native names · Anthems · Coats of arms · Flags · National emblems · National mottos
- Politics and government Administrative divisions · Current heads of state and government · Election results · Intelligence agencies · Legislatures (by size) · Militaries · Office-holders · Political parties (party systems) · Sovereign states · Systems of government · UN member states · Voting systems
- Places Cathedrals · Cemeteries · Cities · Islands · National capitals (Former national capitals) · National parks · Schools · Universities and colleges · World Heritage Sites
- Other data by country Abortion law · Association football (soccer) · Battles · Capital punishment · Cardinals · Common surnames · Cuisines · Currencies · Education · Emergency contraception · Energy · Euthanasia and the law · Forex rates · Human rights · LGBT rights · Music genres · Newspapers · Novelists · Official languages · People · Railway companies · School leaving age · Tram and light-rail transit systems
- Other lists Member states of the European Union (by accession · by political system) · Oldest person · Tallest buildings and structures
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_name_etymologies
Languages:
- Deutsch
- Español
- Italiano
- Polski
- Português
- Nepper
Nepper (W3)
Dt. "Nepper"
(E?)(L?) http://www.nepperschlepper.de/
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Faktum
Faktum (W3)
Auf dem lat. "facere" = dt. "machen", "tun" beruht nicht nur das "Faktum", lat. "factum" = wörtlich dt. "das Gemachte" (und plur. die "Fakten"), sondern vile weitere gängige Begriffe, wie:
- "Faksimile" ("machs ähnlich")
- "Faktion" ("das Machen")
- "Faktor" (lat. "factor" = "Macher", "Verfertiger")
- "Faktorei" (lat. "factoria" = "Geschäft")
- "Faktotum" (lat. "fac totum" = "mache alles!")
- "Faktur" (ital. "fattura", lat. "factura" = "Bearbeitung")
- "fakturieren"
- "Fakultät" (lat. "facultas", Gen. "facultatis" = "Wissensgebiet", "Forschungsgebiet")
Der "Fakir" allerdings geht zurück auf arab. "faqr" = dt. "arm", "Armer".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Diktaphon
Diktaphon (W3)
Das "Diktaphon", dt. "Diktiergerät", setzt sich zusammen aus lat. "dictare" = "diktieren" (lat. "dicere" = dt. "sprechen") und griech. "phone" = dt. "Stimme".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Dukaten
Dukaten (W3)
Interessant finde ich, wie der vom 13. bis 19. Jh. in ganz Europa verbreitete "Dukaten" auf lat. "ducere" = "führen" basiert. Die Verbindung verläuft über mhd. "ducat", ital. "ducato", lat. "ducatus" = "Herzogtum", lat. "dux" = "Führer", lat. "ducere" = "ziehen", "führen".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Crossword Puzzle
Crossword Puzzle (W3)
Das engl. "Crossword Puzzle" soll von Arthur Wynne eingeführt worden sein. Sein erstes "Kreuzworträtsel" erschien am 21.12.1913 in der Sonntagszeitung "New York World".
In "The Times" erschien das erste "Kreuzworträtsel" am 01.02.1930.
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Gordischer Knoten
Gordischer Knoten (W3)
Den sprichwörtlichen "Gordischen Knoten" soll Alexander der Große in der eroberten Stadt Gordion in Kleinasien durchtrennt haben.
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Burns Night
Burns Night (W3)
Das schottische Fest "Burns Night" wird zu Ehren des Dichters "Robert Burns" gefeiert, der am 25. Januar 1759 geboren wurde. Er erstellte den Text zu dem englischen Silvesterlied schott. "Auld Lang Syne" = dt. "die gute alte Zeit", wörtlich dt. "alt lang seit".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Simpsons
Simpsons (W3)
Die "Simpsons" sind eine Erfindung des Comiczeichners Matt Groening (1954-)
Erstellt: 2010-02
- God often gives nuts to toothless people
God often gives nuts to toothless people (W3)
Den Ausspruch engl. "God often gives nuts to toothless people" = dt. "Gott schenkt oft zahnlosen Nüsse" findet man bei Matt Groening (1954-) dem Erfinder des "Simpsons".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- to call somebody's bluff
to call somebody's bluff (W3)
Engl. "to call somebody's bluff" = dt. "jemanden auf die Probe stellen", geht zurück auf die wörtliche Bedeutung eines Ausdrucks aus dem Pokerspiel engl. "calling a bluff" = "die anderen Spieler auffordern ihre Karten auf den Tisch zu legen", also den vermuteten Bluff (die Täuschung) aufzudecken.
(E?)(L?) http://www.business-english.de/daily_mail_result.html?day=2010-02-02
Erstellt: 2010-02
- to raze something to the ground
to raze something to the ground (W3)
Engl. "to raze something to the ground" (16. Jh., 1620) = dt. "etwas dem Erdboden gleichmachen", geht zurück auf das Verb engl. "raze" = "auslöschen", "löschen", "tilgen", woraus auch der Substantiv engl. "razor" = "Rasiermesser", "Rasierapparat" zurück geht.
(E?)(L?) http://www.business-english.de/daily_mail_result.html?day=2010-02-03
Erstellt: 2010-02
- to hit the roof
to hit the roof (W3)
Engl. "to hit the roof" (Anfang 20. Jh.) = dt. "vor Wut an die Decke gehen", ist die metaphorische Beschreibung von jemandem, der in Wut gerät. Während die Deutschen allerdings von der Decke gestoppt werden, scheinen die Engländer durch die Decke bis ans Dach zu gehen.
(E?)(L?) http://www.business-english.de/daily_mail_result.html?day=2010-02-04
Erstellt: 2010-02
- to paint the town red
to paint the town red (W3)
Engl. "to paint the town red" = dt. "auf die Pauke hauen", geht (vermutlich) zurück auf einen Aufstand, der durch den "Marquis of Waterford" und einiger Freunde in Melton Mowbray, einer kleinen Stadt in Leicestershire, England, verursacht wurde, als sie verschiedene Häuser rot anmalten.
(E?)(L?) http://www.business-english.de/daily_mail_result.html?day=2010-02-05
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Spaßvideos von Rémi Gallard (nimportequi)
nimportequi
N'importe qui
Spaßvideos von Rémi Gallard
(E?)(L?) http://www.nimportequi.com/
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Deutsche Geschichte (lemo)
lemo
Deutsche Geschichte
(E?)(L?) http://www.dhm.de/lemo/
Das Fraunhofer Institut für Software- und Systemtechnik, das "Deutsche Historische Museum" ("DHM") und das "Haus der Geschichte" ("HdG") in Bonn präsentieren gemeinsam im Internet deutsche Geschichte von der Gründung des Deutschen Reichs im 19. Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart.
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Kyoto-Protokoll
- Kyoto Protocol
Kyoto-Protokoll
Kyoto Protocol (W3)
Das "Kyoto-Protokoll", "Kyoto Protocol", wurde im Dezember 1997 in Kyoto festgelegt, trat allerdings erst im Jahr 2005 in Kraft. Es hat die Reduzierung der Treibhausgase zum Inhalt.
Erstellt: 2010-02
- baro
baro (W3)
Dt. "Baron" = "streitbarer Mann", "freier Mann", gehört zu den Wörtern, die als germanisches Lehnwort in die lateinische Sprache aufgenommen wurden, als lat. "baro".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- birsare
birsare (W3)
Dt. "pirschen", altfrz. "berser" = "jagen", gehört zu den Wörtern, die als germanisches Lehnwort in die lateinische Sprache aufgenommen wurden, als lat. "birsare".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- burgus
burgus (W3)
Dt. "Burg", ahd. "burg", "burug" = "befestigte Höhe", gehört zu den Wörtern, die als germanisches Lehnwort in die lateinische Sprache aufgenommen wurden, als lat. "burgus".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- harpa
harpa (W3)
Dt. "Harfe" gehört zu den Wörtern, die als germanisches Lehnwort in die lateinische Sprache aufgenommen wurden, als lat. "harpa".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- maldrum
maldrum (W3)
Dt. "Malter", ein Getreidemaß, das zu "mahlen" gehört und ursprünglich die in einem Arbeitsgang "gemahlene Menge Korn" bedeutete, gehört zu den Wörtern, die als germanisches Lehnwort in die lateinische Sprache aufgenommen wurden, als lat. "maldrum".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- marcha
marcha (W3)
Dt. "Mark", ahd. "marcha" = dt. "Grenze", "Grenzland", gehört zu den Wörtern, die als germanisches Lehnwort in die lateinische Sprache aufgenommen wurden, als lat. "marcha".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- marescalcus
marescalcus (W3)
Dt. "Marschall" = dt. "Pferdeknecht", gehört zu den Wörtern, die als germanisches Lehnwort in die lateinische Sprache aufgenommen wurden, als lat. "marescalcus".
Der dt. "Marschall" ist ein Reimport, der mit den Franken nach Frankreich gelangte, und als frz. "maréchal" dann wieder in die deutsche Sprache aufgenommen wurde. Das ahd. "marahscalc" = "Pferdeknecht" setzt sich zusammen aus mhd. "marc", "march", ahd. "marah" = "Pferd" (vgl. "Mähre" = "Stute") und mhd. "schalc", ahd. "scalc" = "Schalk", der jedoch ursprünglich kein Spassvogel sondern ein "Knecht" war.
Erstellt: 2010-02
- to hear something straight from the horse's mouth
to hear something straight from the horse's mouth (W3)
Amerik. "to hear something straight from the horse's mouth" = dt. "aus erster Hand erfahren", geht zurück auf den Reitsport. Besonders gute Gewinnertipps konnte nur jemand geben, der ein Pferd oder besser alle Pferde gut kannte. Trainer und Pferdebetreuer hatten das Ohr fast wörtlich am Maul des Pferdes und galten als zuverlässige Quellen für Gewinnprognosen. Besser war es jedoch, direkt das Pferd zu fragen. Die Redewendung engl. "from the horse's mouth" findet man in gedruckter Form seit dem Jahr 1913.
(E?)(L?) http://www.business-english.de/daily_mail_result.html?day=2010-02-17
Erstellt: 2010-02
- less is more
less is more (W3)
Engl. "less is more" = dt. "weniger ist mehr" soll auf den Architekten und Designer Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe zurück gehen. Er war einer der Begründer der modernen Architektur und favorisierte einen minimalistischen Stil.Gedruckt findet man "less is more" zum ersten Mal in einem Gedicht über den Maler Andrea del Sarto aus dem jahr 1855.
(E?)(L?) http://www.business-english.de/daily_mail_result.html?day=2010-02-18
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Zichorie
Zichorie (W3)
Die Pflanze "Zichorie", der Wurzeln auch zur Herstellung von Kaffeersatz verwendet wird, geht über ital. "cicoria" zurück auf lat. "cichorea", "cichoreum", griech. "kichorion" = "Wegwarte", "Endivie".
(E?)(L?) http://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/chicorée
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Endivie
Endivie (W3)
Die als Salat oder Gemüse verwendete Pflanze dt. "Endivie" geht über frz. "endive" ("chicorée sauvage"), ital. "endivia", zurück auf lat. "intiba", "intubus", griech. "entýbion".
(E?)(L?) http://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/endive
Erstellt: 2010-02
- The Simpsons
The Simpsons (W3)
Die Comicfiguren "The Simpsons" sind eine Kreation des Cartoonisten Matt Groening, der 1954 in Portland, Oregon, geboren wurde.
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Thatcherism
Thatcherism (W3)
Am 11.02.1975 wurde Margret Thatcher zur Vorsitzenden der britischen "Conservative Party" gewählt. Im Jahr 1979 wurde sie als erste Frau zur "Premierministerin" gewählt. Ihre politische Ideologie, die auf monetaristischen Grundsätzen basierte wurde nach ihr "Thatcherism" benannt.
Erstellt: 2010-02
- protocol
- Protokoll
protocol
Protokoll (W2)
Das engl. "protocol", dt. "Protokoll", hat einen interessanten Hintergrund. Es geht zurück auf lat. "protocollum", griech. "protókollon" und setzt sich zusammen aus griech. "prõtos" = "Erster", "Wichtigster" und "kólla" = dt. "Leim", der auch in der "Kollage" steckt. Ursprünglich war das griech. "protókollon" das (einer amtlichen Papyrusrolle) vorgeleimte (Blatt), das "Davorgeleimte".
Trotz dieser protokollierbaren Herkunft und Bedeutung haben sich das engl. "protocol" und das dt. "Protokoll" unterschiedlich entwickelt. Während das engl. "protocol" lediglich das dt. "diplomatisches Protokoll (Etikette)" bezeichnet, kann das dt. "Protokoll" im Englischen viele Bedeutungen haben und muß auch entsprechend übersetzt werden, als:
- "journal" (Schiffstagebuch)
- "listing" (Auflisten, Protokollierung)
- "log" (Computer-Protokoll)
- "minutes" (bei einer Sitzung, Sitzungsprotokoll)
- "record" (bei Gericht "to put something on record")
- "statement" (bei Polizei)
- "ticket" (Strafmandat)
- "transcript" (bei Gericht)
Erstellt: 2010-02
- être
être (W3)
- Frz. "être" geht zurück auf lat "esse" = dt. "sein".
- Frz. "suis" geht zurück auf lat "sum" = dt. "bin".
- Frz. "es" geht zurück auf lat "es" = dt. "bist".
- Frz. "est" geht zurück auf lat "est" = dt. "ist".
- Frz. "sommes" geht zurück auf lat "sumus" = dt. "sind".
- Frz. "êtes" geht zurück auf lat "estis" = dt. "seid".
- Frz. "sont" geht zurück auf lat "sunt" = dt. "sind".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- spazio
spazio (W3)
Ital. "spazio" geht zurück auf lat. "spatium" = dt. "Raum".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- espacio
espacio (W3)
Span. "espacio" geht zurück auf lat. "spatium" = dt. "Raum".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- espace
espace (W3)
Frz. "espace" geht zurück auf lat. "spatium" = dt. "Raum".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- space
space (W3)
Engl. "space" geht zurück auf lat. "spatium" = dt. "Raum".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- faccia
faccia (W3)
Ital. "faccia" geht zurück auf lat. "facies" = dt. "Gesicht".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- faz
faz (W3)
Span. "faz" geht zurück auf lat. "facies" = dt. "Gesicht".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- face
face (W3)
Frz. "face" geht zurück auf lat. "facies" = dt. "Gesicht".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- face
face (W3)
Engl. "face" geht zurück auf lat. "facies" = dt. "Gesicht".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- membro
membro (W3)
Ital. "membro" geht zurück auf lat. "membrum" = dt. "Teil", "Teilnehmer".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- miembro
miembro (W3)
Span. "miembro" geht zurück auf lat. "membrum" = dt. "Teil", "Teilnehmer".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- membre
membre (W3)
Frz. "membre" geht zurück auf lat. "membrum" = dt. "Teil", "Teilnehmer".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- member
member (W3)
Engl. "member" geht zurück auf lat. "membrum" = dt. "Teil", "Teilnehmer".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Curb Exchange
Curb Exchange (W3)
"Curb Exchange" ist eine alte Bezeichnung für "American Stock Exchange", die heutige amerikanische Börse. Die Bezeichnung geht zurück auf engl. "curb", "kerb" = "Bordstein", "Randstein", "Straßenkante". Der amerikanische Finanzmarkt entstand in New York während der Kolonialzeit am Strassenrand, an der Bordsteinkante.
Erstellt: 2010-02
- OTC - over-the-counter (trading)
OTC (W3)
"OTC" steht für "over-the-counter (trading)" = dt. "direkter Handel (zwischen Käufer und Verkäufer)" ("außerbörslicher Handel").
Erstellt: 2010-02
- NASDAQ - National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System
NASDAQ (W3)
"NASDAQ" steht für "National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System" = dt. "automatisisertes Kursnotierungssystem der Vereinigung der (US-)Wertpapierhändler".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Viper
Viper (W3)
Dt. "Viper", geht zurück auf lat. "vipera" = dt. "Schlange" und bedeutet wörtlich (vermutlich) "die lebend Gebärende".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Vettel
Vettel (W3)
Dt. "Vettel" geht zurück auf lat. "vetula" = dt. "Vettel", lat. "vetulus" = "ältlich", "hässlich", lat. "vetus" = "alt".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- stolid
stolid (W3)
Engl. "stolid" = "stur", "stumpf", "gleichmütig", "unerschütterlich" geht zurück auf lat. "stolidus" = dt. "Dummkopf".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- nebulös
nebulös (W3)
Dt. "nebulos", "nebulös" geht über frz. "nébuleux" zurück auf lat. "nebulosus" = "neblig", "dunkel" und ist verwandt mit lat. "nebulo" = "Schaumschläger".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Gurgel
Gurgel (W3)
Dt. "Gurgel", geht zurück auf lat. "gurgulio" = "Hals" und ist verwandt mit dem lat. "gurgo" = "Schluckspecht".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- blather
blather (W3)
Engl. "blather" = "quatschen", "Gewäsch", "Quatsch" geht zurück auf lat. "blatero" = "Schwätzer".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Laktose
Laktose (W3)
Dt. "Laktose" ("Milchzucker") geht zurück lat. "lac", "lactis" = "Milch".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Reliquie
Reliquie (W3)
Die "Reliquie" geht zurück auf lat. "reliqui", "reliquiae" = "die Übrigen", "Zurückgelassenes", lat. "relinquere" = dt. "zurücklassen".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- feminalia
feminalia (W3)
Lat. "feminalia" = "Dreiviertelhosen" (die beim römischen Militär schon ab dem 2. Jh. getragen wurden) geht zurück auf lat. "femur" = "Oberschenkel". Es waren also wörtlich die "Oberschenkel(hosen)".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Zehn Fachbegriffe zum Mobile World Congress (cio)
cio
Zehn Fachbegriffe zum Mobile World Congress
(E?)(L?) http://www.cio.de/news/wirtschaftsnachrichten/2224318/index.html?r=75653764827111&lid=67682
Meldung vom 15.02.2010 15:46 Uhr
Barcelona (dpa) - Ausgewählte Fachbegriffe zum Mobile World Congress in Barcelona:
- "Breitband": ...
- "LTE" = "Long Term Evolution" ...
- Smartphone": ...
- "Apps" = "Applikationen" ...
- "Touchscreen": ...
- "GPS": ...
- "Android": ...
- "GSM": ...
- "Roaming": ...
- "Net-Lock": ... Wird eine solche Sperre ausgehebelt, spricht man von einem "Jail-Break" (wie "Gefängnisausbruch").
Erstellt: 2010-02
- to be a high-flyer
to be a high-flyer (W3)
Engl. "to be a high-flyer" = dt. "ein Überflieger sein", reicht zurück bis ins 16. Jh., also in Zeiten, in denen der Mensch noch gar nicht fliegen konnte. Allerdings gab es ein Beispiel aus der griechischen Mythologie. Ikarus, schlug die Warnungen seines Vaters in den Wind und ging in die Luft. Der Wachsanteil seiner Flügel schmolz bei der Annäherung an die Sonne und aus war der Traum. Während engl. "to be a high-flyer" jedoch eher positive Züge (im Sinne "sehr erfolgreich") trägt, vermutet man bei dt. "Überflieger" eher, dass das Scheitern als blinder Passagier mit von der Partie ist.
(E?)(L?) http://www.business-english.de/daily_mail_result.html?day=2010-02-16
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Sternenhimmel (sternenhimmel-aktuell)
- Planeten und Sterne (sternenhimmel-aktuell)
sternenhimmel-aktuell
Sternenhimmel
Planeten und Sterne
(E?)(L?) http://www.sternenhimmel-aktuell.de/
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Filmposter seit 1918 (filmposter-archiv)
filmposter-archiv
Filmposter seit 1918
(E?)(L?) http://www.filmposter-archiv.de/
Galerie
Datenbank mit 13.000+ Filmplakaten
Jedes Plakat lässt sich über einen entsprechenden Link unter dem Plakat auf der eigenen Homepage einbetten.
Erstellt: 2010-02
- to play one's cards close to one's chest
to play one's cards close to one's chest (W3)
Engl. "to play one's cards close to one's chest" (Mitte 20. Jh.) = dt. "sich nicht in die Karten schauen lassen", geht zurück auf das Verhalten beim Kartenspiel. Um die Einsichtnahme in die eigenen Karten zu verhindern, hält man sie nahe am Körper.
(E?)(L?) http://www.business-english.de/daily_mail_result.html?day=2010-02-12
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Asiatische Heilkraeuter und Heilpflanzen (siamherba)
siamherba
Asiatische Heilkraeuter und Heilpflanzen
Lexikon
(E?)(L?) http://www.siamherba.net/
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Feldküchenlexikon (feldkuechen24)
feldkuechen24
Geschichte der Feldküche
Gulaschkanonen
Feldküchenlexikon
Feldkuechen-Rezepte
(E?)(L?) http://www.feldkuechen24.de/
Erstellt: 2010-02
- IGPP - Institut fuer Grenzgebiete der Psychologie und Psychohygiene
IGPP (W3)
"IGPP" steht für "Institut für Grenzgebiete der Psychologie und Psychohygiene".
(E?)(L?) http:///
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Silicon Valley
Silicon Valley (W3)
(E?)(L?) http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Der-Mann-der-das-Silizium-ins-Silicon-Valley-brachte-William-Shockley-zum-100-930050.html
Der Mann, der das Silizium ins Silicon Valley brachte: William Shockley zum 100.
Heute vor 100 Jahren wurde William Shockley geboren. Zusammen mit Walter Brattain und John Bardeen erfand er den Transistor, wofür alle drei 1956 den Nobelpreis erhielten. Später entwickelte er in den Shockley Semiconductor Laboratories den Thyristor. Sein Labor gilt heute als Keimzelle des Silicon Valleys. Die Gründer von Advanced Micro Devices, Fairchild Semiconductor, Intel und National Semiconductor hatten zuvor bei Shockley gearbeitet.
...
Erstellt: 2010-02
- to be on the warpath
to be on the warpath (W3)
Engl. "to be on the warpath" = dt. "auf dem Kriegspfad sein", geht zurück auf den "war path", "path to war" der Ureinwohner Amerikas, etwa "die Überbringung der Kriegserklärung". Die englische Version ist seit 1755 nachweisbar und damit eine der frühesten amerikanischen Redewendungen. Im Zivilleben tauchte der "Kriegspfad" etwa hundert Jahre später auf und wurde von Autoren wie William Burton und Mark Twain populär gemacht.
(E?)(L?) http://www.business-english.de/daily_mail_result.html?day=2010-02-15
Erstellt: 2010-02
- ceterum censeo, Carthaginem esse delendam
ceterum censeo, Carthaginem esse delendam (W3)
(E?)(L?) http://www.ceterumcenseo.net/about/
Über das Blog:
"ceterum censeo, Carthaginem esse delendam" - die übliche Übersetzung dafür lautet "im Übrigen bin ich der Meinung, dass Karthago zerstört werden muss"; eigentlich falsch, denn im richtigen Sinnzusammenhang, nämlich am Ende so ziemlicher jeder Rede, die Cato vor dem römischen Senat hielt, bedeutet es: "unter Verschiedenes beantrage ich, dass Karthago zerstört wird". ... - mir geht es darum, mit meiner Meinung zu Webdesign- und Medien-Themen einen kleinen Beitrag zu leisten, die Dinge besser zu machen.
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Etymologie-Suche (hulbee)
- Etymology-Search (hulbee)
hulbee
Etymologie-Suche
Etymology-Search
(E?)(L?) http://www.hulbee.de/
(E?)(L?) http://www.hulbee.de/index.php?query=Etymologie
(E?)(L?) http://www.hulbee.de/index.php?query=Etymology
Erstellt: 2010-02
- nothing to write home about
nothing to write home about (W3)
Engl. "nothing to write home about" = dt. "nichts Besonderes" findet man schon seit Ende des 19. Jh. Populär wurde es allerdings in einer Zeit, die eigentlich nicht als normal bezeichnet werden sollte. Die Soldaten, die im 1. Weltkrieg tagtäglich ihr Leben riskierten, konnten oder wollten ihren Angehörigen nichts darüber berichten. Wie meistens wird das große alltägliche Sterben erst im nachinein als heroische Zeit interpretiert.
(E?)(L?) http://www.business-english.de/daily_mail_result.html?day=2010-02-09
Erstellt: 2010-02
- off the record
off the record (W3)
Amerik. Engl. "off the record" (um 1930) = dt. "inoffiziell" geht vermutlich zurück auf die Rechtssprache und bezieht sich auf das gerichtliche Protokoll, engl. "court record" (vgl. dt. "etwas ist nicht für das Protokoll bestimmt").
(E?)(L?) http://www.business-english.de/daily_mail_result.html?day=2010-02-10
Erstellt: 2010-02
- iPod
iPod (W3)
Der Produktname "iPod", der 2001 auf den Markt kam, wurde durch den Film "2001: Odyssee im Weltraum" beeinflusst. Der Namensgeber Vinnie Chieco verglich den "Mac" mit dem "Raumschiff", an dem immer neue Einheiten - "Pods" - angeschlossen werden können. Das "i" wurde vor den Namen gehängt, um die Verknüpfung zum "iMac" herzustellen.
(E?)(L?) http://www.pcwelt.de/start/computer/pc/praxis/189397/so_kamen_10_top_produkte_zu_ihrem_namen/index.html
Erstellt: 2010-02
- BlackBerry
BlackBerry (W3)
Der "BlackBerry" wurde von "Research in Motion" ("RIM") hergestellt. Die Bezeichnung des im Jahr 2001 entwickelten Produkts sollte positive Gefühle wecken. Einem der Beteiligten fiel die Ähnlichkeit der kleinen Tasten des Geräts mit Samenkörnern auf. Dies griffen die Entscheider bei "RIM" auf und man suchte nun nach einer geeigneten "Beere", engl. "berry" als Namensgeber. Schließlich entschied man sich für "BlackBerry", da das Gehäuse des Geräts schwarz war.
(E?)(L?) http://www.pcwelt.de/start/computer/pc/praxis/189397/so_kamen_10_top_produkte_zu_ihrem_namen/index.html
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Firefox
Firefox (W3)
Der Browser "Firefox" von Mozilla wurde zunächst "Firebird" genannt. Da dieser name jedoch schon von einem anderen Open-Source-Projekt belegt war, ersetzte man "bird" durch "fox". Und so wurde aus dem "Feuervogel" ein "Feuerfuchs", dem Namen für einen "rotbraunen Panda".
(E?)(L?) http://www.pcwelt.de/start/computer/pc/praxis/189397/so_kamen_10_top_produkte_zu_ihrem_namen/index2.html
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Windows 7
Windows 7 (W3)
Microsoft wollte nicht mehr viel Geld und Aufwand in die Namenssuche stecken. Und so nannte man die siebte Auflage des weltweit eingesetzten Betriebssystems einfach "Windows 7". Immerhin wird die "7" von den meisten Menschen als positiv empfunden. Immerhin nennt die Mehrheit der Menschen die "7" als Lieblingszahl zwischen 1 und 9. Und in Märchen, Religion, Mythologie und Kalender ist die "7" auch überwiegend positiv besetzt, obwohl es auch ein paar Gegenbeispiele gibt.
(E?)(L?) http://www.pcwelt.de/start/computer/pc/praxis/189397/so_kamen_10_top_produkte_zu_ihrem_namen/index2.html
Erstellt: 2010-02
- ThinkPad
ThinkPad (W3)
Das "ThinkPad" (dt. "Denk-Block"), anfang der 1990er Jahre von IBM entwickelt, löste interne Diskussionen aus. Der Produktnummern liebende Konzern brauchte etwas Zeit, sich an einen sprechenden Namen zu gewähnen. Bis zum Erscheinen des Notebooks im Jahr 1992 hatte man sich jedoch auf den martgängigeren Begriff "ThinkPad" geeinigt.
(E?)(L?) http://www.pcwelt.de/start/computer/pc/praxis/189397/so_kamen_10_top_produkte_zu_ihrem_namen/index3.html
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Android
Android (W3)
Der Name "Android" (dt. "Kunstmensch") war bereits als Firmenname auf dem Markt. Die "Android Inc." war bereits mit der Entwicklung von Software für mobile Geräte beschäftigt. Im Jahr 2005 übernahm Google das Unternehmen und machte den Firmennamen zum Produktnamen. Seit Oktober 2008 ist mit dem T-Mobile G1 das erste Android-Handy in den USA erhältlich.
(E?)(L?) http://www.pcwelt.de/start/computer/pc/praxis/189397/so_kamen_10_top_produkte_zu_ihrem_namen/index3.html
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Wikipedia
Wikipedia (W3)
Die Bezeichnung für die Online-Enzyklopädie "Wikipedia" ist ein sogenanntes "Kofferwort". Es setzt sich aus hawaiisch "Wiki" = dt. "schnell" und engl. "Encyclopedia" = dt. "Enzyklopädie" zusammen.
(E?)(L?) http://www.pcwelt.de/start/computer/pc/praxis/189397/so_kamen_10_top_produkte_zu_ihrem_namen/index3.html
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Kofferwort
Kofferwort (W3)
"Kofferwort" ist die Bezeichnung für ein Kunstwort, bei dem zwei Wörter zu einem neuen Begriff verschmolzen werden.
Erstellt: 2010-02
- MacOS X
MacOS X (W3)
Der "MacOS X" von Apple bekam, als zehnte Version des Betriebssystems das römische Zeichen "X" für "Zehn" angehängt.
Die Codenamen, die Apple für sein Betriebssystem seit "MacOS X" verwendet lauten "Gepard" (MacOS X 10.0), "Puma" (MacOS X 10.1), "Jaguar" (MacOS X 10.2), "Panther" (MacOS X 10.3), "Tiger" (MacOS X 10.4), "Leopard" (MacOS X 10.5), "Schnee-Leopoard" (MacOS X 10.6). Die kommenden Versionen sollen (gerüchteweise) "Luchs" und "Berglöwe" heißen.
(E?)(L?) http://www.pcwelt.de/start/computer/pc/praxis/189397/so_kamen_10_top_produkte_zu_ihrem_namen/index4.html
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Red Hat
- Red Hat Linux
Red Hat
Red Hat Linux (W3)
Zum Firmennamen "Red Hat" gibt es mehrere Erklärungsversuche - die allerdings nicht miteinander konkurrieren sondern eher aufeinander aufbauen.
- Die allgemeine Variante bezieht sich auf den Symbolgehalt der Farbe rot als Zeichen der Freiheit und Herausforderung der Autorität.
- Die persönliche Variante besagt, dass der Red-Hat-Mitbegründer Marc Ewing während seiner College-Zeit immer einen roten Hut trug. Mitschülern, die Probleme mit Technik hatten, wandten sich immer an den "Typ mit dem roten Hut".
- Die explizite Variante besagt, dass Marc Ewing sein erstes Softwareprojekt "Red Hat 1", sein zweites Projekt "Red Hat 2", usw. nannte. Als man sich dazu entschloss, ein Linux-Projekt in Angriff zu nehmen, wurde es laut Young "Red Hat Linux" genannt.
(E?)(L?) http://www.pcwelt.de/start/computer/pc/praxis/189397/so_kamen_10_top_produkte_zu_ihrem_namen/index4.html
- to flog a dead horse
- to beat a dead horse
to flog a dead horse
to beat a dead horse (W3)
Engl. "to flog a dead horse", "to beat a dead horse" = dt. "sich umsonst anstrengen", wurde in seiner übertragenen Bedeutung von von dem britischen Politiker John Bright, in Bezug auf die "Reform Bill" des Jahres 1867 benutzt. Darin wurde eine demokratischer Repräsentation im Parlament gefordert. Er meinte, das Desinteresse des Parlaments in dieser Frage zu ändern, ähnele dem Versuch auf ein totes Pferd einzuschlagen, engl. "trying to flog a dead horse to make it pull a load".
(E?)(L?) http://www.business-english.de/daily_mail_result.html?day=2010-02-11
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Bildindex der Kunst und Architektur (bildindex)
bildindex
Bildindex der Kunst und Architektur
Die Aufnahmen stammen aus den Beständen des Deutschen Dokumentationszentrums für Kunstgeschichte.
(E?)(L?) http://www.bildindex.de/
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Literaturmarkt (literaturmarkt)
literaturmarkt
Literaturmarkt
Buchbesprechungen von Buchneuerscheinungen
(E?)(L?) http://www.literaturmarkt.info/
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Fernsehserien (serien-arena)
serien-arena
Fernsehserien
(E?)(L?) http://www.serien-arena.de/
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Ei-Kochzeit-Rechner (eirechner)
- Frühstücksei-Kochzeit-Rechner (eirechner)
eirechner
Frühstücksei-Kochzeit-Rechner
Nebenbei erfährt man auch bei wieviel Grad C Wasser auf verschiedenen Höhen kocht. Auf 3000m Höhe kocht Wasser bereits bei 90°C.
(E?)(L?) http://www.eirechner.de/
Frühstücksei-Kochzeit-Rechner
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Marketing-Magazin (werbeanzeige)
werbeanzeige
Marketing-Magazin
(E?)(L?) http://www.werbeanzeige.de/
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Alpen
Alpen (W3)
(E?)(L?) http://www.terraalpin.de/
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Werbe- und Marketing ABC (ccvision)
ccvision
Werbe- und Marketing ABC
(E?)(L?) http://www.ccvision.de/
(E?)(L?) http://www.ccvision.de/de/etat-kalkulator/werbeabc/a.html
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Neue alte Wörter bei der Bahn (heise)
heise
Neue alte Wörter bei der Bahn
(E?)(L?) http://www.heise.de/tp/r4/artikel/32/32114/1.html
...
So sollen "Flyer" wieder "Handzettel" heißen, der "Service Point" "Auskunft", der "Counter" "Schalter", "Call a bike" "Mietrad-Angebot" und die "Hotline" "Service-Nummer".
...
Beibehalten wird dagegen der Ausdruck "Bahncard". Auch aus dem "Internet-Auftritt" soll kein "Zwischennetz-Auftritt" werden und aus dem "Intercity Express" kein "Zwischen-Stadt-Eilzug" ... Das "Thank you for traveling with Deutsche Bahn" wird es als Aufmerksamkeit für Reisende aus dem Ausland ebenfalls weiter geben.
...
..., weshalb aus dem "Kick-off-Meeting" eine "Auftaktveranstaltung", aus dem "Travel Management" eine "Reisestelle", aus der "Task Force" eine "Projektgruppe" und aus dem "Inhouse Meeting" ein "hauseigenes Seminar" werden soll.
...
Erstellt: 2010-02
- shambles
shambles (W3)
Engl. "shambles" ("in a shambles", "is a shambles") = dt. "heilloses Durcheinander", "Chaos", bedeutet "Schlachthaus", "Fleischbank" und im übertragenen Sinn auch "Schlachtfeld", "Durcheinander".
Der Singular engl. "shamble" bedeutet "watschelnder Gang". Das Verb engl. "shamble" bedeutet "watscheln".
(E?)(L?) http://www.business-english.de/daily_mail_result.html?day=2010-02-22
Erstellt: 2010-02
(W3)
Engl. "fortune" = dt. "Glück", "Glücksfall", "Zufall" geht über frz. "fortune" zurück auf lat. "fortuna" = "Schicksal", "Zufall", "Glück", "Unglück", lat. "fortuitus" = dt. "zufällig".
Aus dem ursprünglich eher neutralen "Zufall" blieb zumindest in engl. "fortunately" = dt. "glücklicherweise", "zum Glück" nur der "positive Zufall" zurück.
Erstellt: 2010-02
(W3)
Dt. "Sentenz" = dt. "Sinnspruch", "Denkspruch" geht zurück auf lat. "sententia" = dt. "Ansicht", "Meinung", "Spruch", "Urteil", "Sinnspruch". Das Verb zu dem der Substantiv gebildet wurde ist lat. "sentire" = "wahrnehmen", "empfinden" (vgl. dt. "sentimental").
Erstellt: 2010-02
(W3)
Engl. "fate" = dt. "Schicksal", "Geschick", "Los" geht zurück auf lat. "fatum" = dt. "Schicksal".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- fatal
fatal (W3)
Dt. "fatal" geht zurück auf lat. "fatalis" = "vom Schicksal bestimmt".
Erstellt: 2010-02
- to run out of steam
to run out of steam (W3)
Amerik. "to run out of steam" = dt. "an Schwung verlieren", "keine Energie mehr haben", geht zurück auf das Zeitalter der Dampfmaschinen. Wenn das Feuer abbrannte und kleiner wurde, verringerte sich auch die Dampfproduktion bis die Maschine eventuell zum Stillstand kam. Im übertragenen Sinn findet man diesen Ausdruck in den USA seit dem späten 19. Jh. century.
(E?)(L?) http://www.business-english.de/daily_mail_result.html?day=2010-02-19
Erstellt: 2010-02
- ()
(E?)(L?) http://www.drmardy.com/
- Ifferisms: An Anthology of Aphorisms That Begin with the Word "IF"
- I Never Metaphor I Didn't Like: A Comprehensive Compilation of History's Greatest Analogies, Metaphors, and Similes
- Viva la Repartee: Clever Comebacks & Witty Retorts from History's Great Wits & Wordsmiths
- Oxymoronica: Paradoxical Wit and Wisdom from History's Greatest Wordsmiths
- Never Let a Fool Kiss You or a Kiss Fool You: Chiasmus and a World of Chiastic Quotations
Erstellt: 2010-03
- ()
(E?)(L?) http://www.googleguide.com/glossary.html
Google Guide by Category
Overview (2)
Favorite Features (14)
Part I: Query Input (19)
Part II: Understanding Results (18)
Part III: Search Tools (10)
Part IV: Services (12)
Part V: Developing a Website (8)
Appendix (13)
Part III: Search Tools
1.Search Tools Intro
2.Making Google Easier with Google Tools
3.Shortcuts: Introduction
4.Shortcut: Calculator
5.Shortcut: Phone Numbers and Addresses
6.Shortcut: Street Maps
7.Shortcut: Stock Quotes
8.Shortcut: Definitions (Google Glossary)
9.Shortcut: Travel Conditions
10.Shortcut: Search by Number
Other Pages
Table of Contents
About Google Guide: Introduction
Printing Google Guide
Google FAQ/Q&A
Google Guide Tags
Games: Where Did They Come From?
Exercises/Solutions
Google Blogs, etc.
Google in the news
Google Press Releases
Google-Friends Newsletter archive
Google: Search Engine Showdown News Archive
Popular Searches
FROOGLE
driving directions
photo
Google
name definitions
Erstellt: 2010-
- Multilingual Translation TO English (lookwayup)
- Multilingual Translation FROM English (lookwayup)
lookwayup
Multilingual Translation TO English
Multilingual Translation FROM English
(E?)(L?) http://lookwayup.com/free/dictionary.htm
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Crossword Solver (ojohaven)
ojohaven
Crossword Solver
(E?)(L?) http://www.ojohaven.com/fun/crossword.html
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Crypto Cracker (wordplays)
wordplays
Crypto Cracker
(E?)(L?) http://www.wordplays.com/p/crypto
Crypto Cracker is a tool that can be used to crack Word Ciphers. A Word Cipher, also known as a Cryptogram or Cryptoquote, is a puzzle where one letter in the puzzle is substituted with another.
Erstellt: 2010-03
- The Dictionary of Mountain Bike Slang (std)
std
The Dictionary of Mountain Bike Slang
(E?)(L?) http://world.std.com/~Jimf/biking/slang.html
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Mountain Biking Slang (thinkquest)
thinkquest
Mountain Biking Slang
(E?)(L?) http://library.thinkquest.org/11569/gather/slang.html
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Hangman
Hangman (W3)
(E?)(L?) http://www.hangman24.de/
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Heteronyms (umich)
umich
Heteronyms
(E?)(L?) http://www-personal.umich.edu/~cellis/heteronym.html
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Kiwi - Words & Phrases (chemistry)
chemistry
Kiwi - Words & Phrases
(E?)(L?) http://www.chemistry.co.nz/kiwi.htm
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Linguistic Phenomena/Devices (uottawa)
uottawa
Linguistic Phenomena/Devices
(E?)(L?) http://www.site.uottawa.ca/~szpak/ling-devices.html
This is a list of some of the lesser known linguistic phenomena and devices used in English writing. You actually know what most of these are, you just didn't know what they were called. The list doesn't include the well-known devices (like synonym or metaphor). I've also left out extremely rare or poetic devices (like hypallage) and terms referring to common linguistic errors (like anacoluthon), although the line between device and error is sometimes a blurry one. The list does include some interesting linguistic phenomena that account for word formation, etc.
aphaeresis
apocope
aposiopesis
diaeresis
dystmesis
elision
ellipsis
eponymy
hendiadys
holonym
hypernym
hypocorisma
hyponym
kenning
litotes
meiosis
meronym
metonymy
paronomasia
periphrasis
pleonasm
procatalepsis
syllepsis
syncope
synecdoche
tmesis
zeugma
Erstellt: 2010-02
- Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateapokaiwhenuakitanatahu
Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateapokaiwhenuakitanatahu (W3)
Longest Place Name in the World
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateapokaiwhenuakitanatahu
Erstellt: 2010-03
(W3)
(E?)(L?) http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/rbeard/name.html
Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwyll-llantysiliogogogoch
This is the name of a town in North Wales. The name translates as "The church of St. Mary in the hollow of white hazel trees near the rapid whirlpool by St. Tysilio's of the red cave" in Welsh, has long claimed the fame of having the longest name in the world. However, there is a hill in New Zealand called
Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateapokaiwhenuakitanatahu
This Maori mouthful translates into English as "the place where Tamatea, the man with the big knees, who slid, climbed and swallowed mountains, known as 'landeater,' played his flute to his loved one." I consider this a lean short-story, however, and have serious reservations about giving New Zealand the gold, especially without photographic evidence. But you may count it if you like.
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Pet Names (funpetnames)
funpetnames
Pet Names
(E?)(L?) http://www.funpetnames.com/
We offer over 20,000 unique pet names. You can browse by origin, gender, breed. We even have celebrity pet names, popular pet names, cute pet names and more. Start looking for the perfect name for your pet today. When you find ones that you want to save to view later, you can add it to your very own favorites list. If you have any suggestions, feel free to contact us. Enjoy!
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Pet Names (petnamesworld)
petnamesworld
Pet Names
(E?)(L?) http://www.petnamesworld.com/
Looking for the perfect pet names? PetNamesWorld.com has over 11,000 pet names to find the ones that you like best. Each name is accompanied by its meaning and place of origin. You can look up specific pet names meanings of your choice or you can simply browse through the extensive list to find the perfect ones.
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Native Tongue -- Discover the Hawaiian Language
- Nautical Expressions in the Vernacular
- Never Say Neverisms
- The New Hacker's Dictionary
- New Words in English
- ODLIS: Online Dictionary of Library and Information Science
- Official Ten Codes
- Ohwejagehka: Ha`degaenage: Iroquois Language + Songs
- Oly-hay Ible-bay
- On Finally Achieving Perfect Copy
- On-line Chinese Tools
- Online Crosswords
- Online Hieroglyphics Translator
- Oxymorons
- The Periodic Table of Poetry
- PhoneSpell
- Phonetic Alphabets (Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta...)
- Puns Galore
- Puzzlemaker
- Quis vocaris? Your Name in Latin
- Rap Dictionary
- Rhetorical Figures
- Richard Lederer's Verbivore Page
- Rosie's Ringers
- Sarangworld Word Morphing
- Sayings and Everyday Expressions
- Scott Pakin's Automatic Complaint Letter Generator
- Scrabble Helper
- A Seattle Lexicon
- Signs International
- SignWriting
- Silva Rhetorica: The Forest of Rhetoric
- Sniglets
- Slanguage.com: The Hick-to-Hip Translation Guide
- Sounds of the World's Animals
- Southern Word Homepage
- Speak Jamaican
- Spelling Test
- Sprechen Sie Search Engines?
- STANDS4.com
- Steven Wright Quotes
- Taglines Galore!
- The Testudine and the Leporine
- Tom Swifties
- Tongue Twister Database
- travalang's Translating Dictionaries
- Twists, Slugs and Roscoes: A Glossary of Hardboiled Slang
- Valley URL
- Vanity License Plates
- Wacky World of Words
- The Wicked Good Guide to Boston English
- Word Finder
- Word Frequency Indexer
- Word Jumbles
- Word Morphs
- Word Slide Applet
- A Word With You
- The Word Wizard
- Wordies On the Web
- Wordles: Home of Word Fun, Word Games, Word Puzzles and Word Play!
- Wordly Wise WordGames
- Wordplays
- Words & Stuff
- Words Commonly Confused
- Words Ending with -GRY
- Words in a Word
- Ye Olde English Sayings
- Yiddishkeit
- Mellumrat
Mellumrat (W3)
(E?)(L?) http://www.mellumrat.de/
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Bullet Pen
Bullet Pen (W3)
Der "Bullet Pen" sollte aussehen wie eine "Gewehrkugel", die allerdings auch nicht mehr einer "Kugel" ähnelte.
(E?)(L?) http://www.fuellhalter.de/index.php?list=KAT86
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Randecker Maar
Randecker Maar (W3)
(E?)(L?) http://www.randecker-maar.de/
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Labor ingenium miseris dat
- Not macht erfinderisch
Labor ingenium miseris dat
Not macht erfinderisch (W3)
Das Sprichwort lat. "Labor ingenium miseris dat" = dt. "Mühe gibt den Unglicklichen Einfälle" dürfte die Grundlage für das Sprichwort dt. "Not macht erfinderisch" sein.
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Klassiker (schoener-wohnen)
schoener-wohnen
Klassiker
(E?)(L?) http://www.schoener-wohnen.de/klassiker
Neue Klassiker
Jury:
Produkte
- Neue Klassiker zum Ausruhen
- Neue Klassiker zum Abstellen
- Neue Klassiker, die aufräumen
- Neue Klassiker machen Licht
- Neue Klassiker zum Träumen
- Neue Klassiker fürs Badezimmer
- Neue Klassiker für Tafel und Küche
- Geräte als Neue Klassiker
- Neue Klassiker für draußen
"Neue Klassiker" 2006 bis 2008
Erstellt: 2010-03
- SIMEX - Singapore International Monetary EXchange
SIMEX (W3)
"SIMEX" steht für "Singapore International Monetary EXchange" = dt. "Internationale Währungsbörse Singapur".
Erstellt: 2010-03
- to get wind of something
to get wind of something (W3)
Engl. "to get wind of something" = dt. "von etwas Wind bekommen", geht auf die Eigenschaft der Luft zurück, Geräusche, Gerüche und Gerüchte zu transportieren.
(E?)(L?) http://www.business-english.de/daily_mail_result.html?day=2010-03-03
Erstellt: 2010-03
(W3)
Dt. "Fiskus" = dt. "Staatskasse", "Finazamt" oder allgemein "Staat" als Steuereintreiber und Steuerempfänger, geht zurück auf lat. "fiscus" = dt. "(Geld)korb", "Staatskasse" war ursprünglich die Privatkasse des Kaisers.
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Spazieren gehen ist die beste Medizin eines Menschen
Spazieren gehen ist die beste Medizin eines Menschen (W3)
"Spazieren gehen ist die beste Medizin eines Menschen." soll der griechische Mediziner Hippokrates (-460 - -377) gelehrt haben.
Erstellt: 2010-03
- ¶
- Leerzeile
¶
Leerzeile (W3)
"¶" = "Leerzeile"
Erstellt: 2010-03
- ’
- Apostroph
’
Apostroph (W3)
Dieses Zeichen ersetzt ausgelassene Buchstaben und wird ohne Leerzeichen geschrieben.
Erstellt: 2010-03
- –
- Gedankenstrich
–
Gedankenstrich (W3)
Dieses Zeichen wird durch je ein Leerzeichen vom vorhergehenden und nachfolgenden Wort getrennt.
Erstellt: 2010-03
( ) / [ ] / < >
Klammern (W3)
Klammern werden ohne Leerzeichen vor bzw. hinter das eingeschlossene Wort / die eingeschlossenen Wörter gesetzt.
Erstellt: 2010-03
- §
- Paragraph
§
Paragraph (W3)
Das Zeichen wird durch ein Leerzeichen von der nachfolgenden Zahl abgesetzt. Sollten mehrere Paragraphen angesprochen werden, so ist das Zeichen doppelt (§§) zu verwenden.
Erstellt: 2010-03
- &
- und
&
und
und in Firmenbezeichnungen (W3)
Dieses wird durch ein Leerzeichen vom vorhergehenden bzw. nachfolgenden Wort getrennt.
Erstellt: 2010-03
- ./.
- gegen
./.
gegen (W3)
Dieses Zeichen wird durch ein Leerzeichen vom vorhergehenden bzw. nachfolgenden Wort getrennt.
Erstellt: 2010-03
- –
- gegen
- Gedankenstrich
–
gegen
Gedankenstrich (W3)
Eine weitere Möglichkeit, das Wort „gegen“ in Zeichen auszudrücken, ist der - so z. B. im Sport.
Erstellt: 2010-03
- –
- bis
–
bis (W3)
Vor bzw. nach diesem Zeichen wird ein Leerzeichen gesetzt.
Erstellt: 2010-03
- /
- pro
/
pro (W3)
Dieses Zeichen wird ohne Leerzeichen geschrieben.
Erstellt: 2010-03
- *
- geboren
*
geboren (W3)
Diese Zeichen werden durch ein Leerzeichen von der nachfolgenden Datumsangabe getrennt.
Erstellt: 2010-03
- +
- gestorben
+
gestorben (W3)
Diese Zeichen werden durch ein Leerzeichen von der nachfolgenden Datumsangabe getrennt.
Erstellt: 2010-03
- #
- Nummer
#
Nummer (W3)
Dieses Zeichen wird durch ein Leerzeichen von der nachfolgenden Zahl getrennt.
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Chaussee (Französisch)
- deformiert (Latein)
- Emanzipation (Latein)
- Girokonto (Italienisch)
- Interesse (Latein)
- Internet (Englisch)
- Journalist (Französisch)
- Konsument (Latein)
- Multimedia (Latein)
- Opposition (Latein)
- PC (Englisch)
- Schadstoffemissionen (Latein)
- Spionage (Französisch)
- Tortur (Französisch)
- Tour (Französisch)
- Blähdeutsch
Blähdeutsch (W3)
"Blähdeutsch" bezeichnet die gehäufte Verwendung von nichtssagenden Begriffen. Meist handelt es sich dabei um Neologismen, die bald wieder in der Versenkung verschwinde. Ander halten sich jedoch länger als erwartet und einige wenige schaffen es vielleicht sogar zur Seriosität. "Blähwörter" können aber auch ganz alte unschuldige Wörter sein, die durch einen bestimmten Anlass auf die Bühne gezerrt werden und allein durch ungebremste Benutzung ihre Unschuld verlieren und Blähungen verursachen.
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Füllwörter
Füllwörter (W3)
"Füllwörter" sind keine fest umrissene Menge. Bei geschickter Nutzung kann man vermutlich jedes Wort zu einem "Füllwort" degradieren. Aber einige Wörter leiden besonders unter der Verwendung als "Füllwort". Und einige weinige sind vielleicht schon von Natur aus zum "Füllwort" verdammt. Ein "Füllwort" kann auch aus mehreren Wörtern oder einem ganzen Satz bestehen.
Viele Partikel können als Füllwort daherkommen, obwohl sie ursprünglich durchaus ihren Sinn hatten. "Füllwörter" können auch als "Weiße Schimmel" (Pleonasmen) auftreten. Zu den Wörtern, die (auch) als "Füllwort" auftreten können gehören:
- "echt"
- "gegebenenfalls ... (sage ich gegebenenfalls)"
- "gewissermaßen"
- "gezielte Maßnahmen"
- "großer Riese"
- "Ich will ja nichts sagen, aber ... (ich sage es dennoch)"
- "ich würde sagen, dass ... (ich sage)"
- "insbesondere"
- "irgendwie"
- "kleiner Zwerg"
- "Rückantwort"
- "schlichtweg"
- "selbstredend ... (muß ich Ihnen noch erklären, was klar vor Augen liegt)"
- "vorprogrammiert"
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Nebelwerfer
Nebelwerfer (W3)
"Nebelwerfer" treten meist in Form von Fachchinesisch auf. Neben den Unbeholfenen, die sich gar nicht mehr verständlich ausdrücken können, gibt es dabeiauch diejenigen, die sich nicht verständlich ausdrücken wollen. Letztere sind die eigentlichen "Nebelwerfer".
Das Gegenstück zu den Nebelwerfern sind die "Schlagwörter".
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Schlagwörter
Schlagwörter (W3)
"Schlagwörter" sind das Gegenstück zu den "Nebelwerfern". Wo Nebelwerfer die Gedanken durch Fachchinesisch vernebeln, schlagen Schlagwörter die Gedanken - durch Reduzierung auf weniger als das Notwendige - gleich ganz in die Flucht.
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Die deutsche Rechtschreibung
Die deutsche Rechtschreibung (W3)
Erste Ansätze zu einer "Deutschen Rechtschreibung" kann man bei der Übersetzung lateinischer Bibeltexte sehen. Als Zeichenvorrat standen die Buchstaben des "lateinischen Alphabets" zur Verfügung. Diese recihten jedoch nicht aus, um die Lautvielfalt im Deutschen wiederzugeben, wie etwa kurze und lange Vokale. Und so entstanden zunächst eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher "Sonderzeichen". Mit dem Aufkommen des Buchdrucks (Johannes Gutenberg, 15. Jh.) und des damit verbundenen größeren Verbreitungsgebietes der Bibel und anderer gedruckter Werke wurden diese Differenzen deutlich. Ab dem 16. Jh. wurde die Forderung nach einer Vereinheitlichung der Orthographie laut. Auch für herrschaftliche Erlasse, für Verträge und im Handel war eine einheitliche Schreibweise von Vorteil.
Als erster Grammatiker kann Hieronymus Freyer angesehen werden, der im Jahre 1722 die "Anweisungen zur Teutschen Orthographie" veröffentlichte. Seine Nachfolge traten Johann Christoph Gottsched und Johann Christoph Adelung an. Aber das hinderte einzelne Länder und Städte nicht daran, noch lange danach eigene Lösungen zu proklamieren, wie etwa Hannover 1854, Leipzig 1857, Stuttgart 1861, Berlin 1871.
Bei der Festlegung einheiltlicher Schreibweisen spielten auch Überlegungen zur Etymologie eine Rolle, obwohl es dabei auch zu einigen Fehlinterpretationen kam. Um gleichlautende Wörter, Homonyme, zu unterscheiden führte man unterschiedliche Schreibweisen ein (Beispiele: Lerche - Lärche, Waise - Weise). Das "Scharfe s", das "ß" war bereits im 16./17. Jh. Anlaß vieler - bis heute andauernder - Diskussionen. Im 19. Jh. ging es darum, ob das "Dehnungs-h" abgeschafft werden soll. Groß- und Kleinschreibung ein Thema, das bis heute immer wieder diskutiert wir.
Im Jahre 1876 lud der preußische Minister Falk in Berlin zur erste Orthographischen Konferenz ein, die jedoch zu keinem einheitlichen Ergebnis führte. Und so kam wieder unter anderem eine Sonderausgabe "Preußische Schulorthographie" mit etwa 3000 Wörtern heraus, deren Anwendung Otto von Bismarck seinen Verwaltungsmitgliedern allerdings unter Strafandrohung verbot. Der - nicht amtliche - Duden umfasste zu dieser Zeit bereits ca. 30.000 Wörter. Im Jahr 1892 legte die Schweiz das "Duden-Wörterbuch" als Norm in den deutschsprachigen Kantonen fest.
Im Jahr 1901 fand die zweite Orthographische Konferenz statt. Die wenigen dabei erzielten Gemeinsamkeiten wurden allerdings auch von Österreich und der Schweiz angenommen. Streitschriften, Arbeitskreise, Reformvorschläge, Kommissionen halten die Diskussion um die Rechtschreibung allerdings bis heute am Laufen.
Am 01.08.1998 wurde die 1996 beschlossene neue deutsche Rechtschreibung für Schulen und Behörden eingeführt.
Die vorerst letzte offizielle Festlegung erfolgte durch die Zustimmung der Kultusministerkonferenz im März 2006 zu den vom Rechtschreibrat überarbeiteten Regeln.
Erstellt: 2010-03
- PP Møbler
PP Møbler (W3)
PP Møbler wurde im Jahr 1953 von den Brüdern Ejnar and Lars "Peder Pedersen" gegründet.
(E?)(L?) http://www.pp.dk/index.php?page=about&cat=7
... They buy a small plot of land in Allerød and quickly gather eight young and talented cabinet makers.
The rest is history. Today, PP Møbler is one of the few remaining cabinet making workshops in Denmark. With a production covering the Japanese and the American market with furniture from Hans J. Wegner among others, the workshop is now an internationally recognised company.
(E?)(L?) http://www.pp.dk/index.php?page=collection&cat=1&id=11
pp501/pp503 THE CHAIR, 1949
„Der Runde“, wie Wegner ihn mit seiner ihm üblichen Bescheidenheit nannte, ist mit Sicherheit das berühmteste dänische Design-Möbel überhaupt - und das heisst schon was.
...
Erstellt: 2010-03
- PLC - Public Limited Company
PLC (W3)
"PLC" steht für "Public Limited Company".
Erstellt: 2010-03
- to get the wrong end of the stick
to get the wrong end of the stick (W3)
Engl. "to get the wrong end of the stick" = dt. "etwas falsch verstehen", bezieht sich auf den engl. "walking stick" = dt. "Spazierstock".
(E?)(L?) http://www.business-english.de/daily_mail_result.html?day=2010-03-08
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Etymologie-Suche (oneview)
- Etymology-Search (oneview)
oneview
Etymologie-Suche
Etymology-Search
(E?)(L?) http://www.oneview.de/
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Radtouren (radweit)
- Fahrradtouren (radweit)
radweit
Radtouren
Fahrradtouren
(E?)(L?) http://www.radweit.de/
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Maps (bing)
bing
Maps
(E?)(L?) http://www.bing.com/maps/
Erstellt: 2010-03
- to get off to a flying start
to get off to a flying start (W3)
Engl. "to get off to a flying start" = dt. "hervorragend wegkommen", stammt natürlich aus der Luftfahrt. Ein startendes Flugzeug muß bereits eine Mindesgeschwindigkeit erreicht haben, um abheben zu können.
(E?)(L?) http://www.business-english.de/daily_mail_result.html?day=2010-03-05
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Sprechen Sie Klum? (spiegel)
spiegel
Sprechen Sie Klum?
(E?)(L?) http://www.spiegel.de/
(E?)(L?) http://w55.de/rrHDF070EEJS30
Was muss man bei einer "Challenge" tun? Kennen Sie schon "Q"? Nach vier Staffeln "Germany's Next Topmodel" verliert man leicht den Überblick. Zum Start der fünften Ausgabe erklärt SPIEGEL ONLINE die wichtigsten Figuren und Begriffe aus Heid [...]
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Reiseführer (derreisefuehrer)
derreisefuehrer
Reiseführer
Informationen zu fast allen Ländern der Erde:
Einwohner, Staatsform, Städte, Flughäfen, Währung, Feiertage, Zollbestimmungen, Wetter.
(E?)(L?) http://www.derreisefuehrer.com/
Erstellt: 2010-03
(W3)
Abstraktum Begriffswort, Beispiel: die Idee, siehe Konkretum
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Adjektiv Eigenschaftswort, Wiewort (groß, klein ...)
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Adverb Umstandswort, Beispiel: er singt laut, oft, gern ...
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
adverbiale Bestimmung Umstandsangabe
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Adversativsatz entgegensetzender Satz
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Akkusativ 4. Fall, Wen-Fall
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Akkusativobjekt Satzergänzung im 4. Fall
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Aktiv Tatform (des Verbs), Tätigkeitsform (ich gebe, ich habe gegeben ...)
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Antonyme Gegenwörter
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Apostroph Auslassungszeichen (Ohm´sches Gesetz)
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Apposition Beisatz
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Artikel Geschlechtswort (der, die, das, dem, ein ...)
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Attribut Beifügung
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Attributsatz Nebensatz, der die Stelle eines Attributs einnimmt
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Dativ 3. Fall, Wem-Fall
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Dativobjekt Satzergänzung im 3. Fall
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Deklination Beugung des Substantivs, Adjektivs und Pronomens
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Demonstrativpronomen hinweisendes Fürwort (dieser, diese, jener ...)
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Denotation Grundbedeutung
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Diphthong Doppelvokal, Beispiel: au, ie, ei, ai
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Doppelkonsonant Beispiel: ll, ff, tt etc.
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Femininum weibliches Substantiv
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Finalsatz Zielsatz
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Flektion, flektieren Beugung, beugen
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Futur I Zukunft, Beispiel: ich werde laufen
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Futur II Zukunft, Beispiel: ich werde gelernt haben
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Genitiv 2. Fall, Wes-Fall
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Genitivobjekt Satzergänzung im 2. Fall
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Genus grammatisches Geschlecht
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Grammatik besteht aus sämtlichen Regeln der Sprache, Regelwerk, interne Struktur der Sprache, Sprachlehre
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Homonyme gleich klingende Wörter
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Imperativ Befehlsform
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Imperfekt Vergangenheitsform
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Indefinitpronomen unbestimmtes Fürwort
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Indikativ Wirklichkeitsform
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
infinite Form des Verbs unbestimmte Verbform
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Infinitiv Nennform, Grundform des Verbs, Beispiel: laufen, träumen,
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Infinitivsatz ist ein Satz, der aus einem erweiterten Infinitiv besteht
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
instrumental Angabe des Mittels und Werkszeugs
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Intention Absicht, Mitteilungsabsicht
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Interjektion Empfindungswort, Ausrufewort
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Interrogativpronomen Fragefürwort
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Interrogativsatz Fragesatz
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Intonation Satzmelodie, Satzakzent
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
intransitives Verb nichtzielendes Verb, ein Verb, das keinen Akkusativ regieren kann
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Irrealis Konjunktiv II, gedachte Möglichkeit, die keine Wirklichkeit werden kann
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Kardinalzahl Grundzahl
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Kasus Fall
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
kausal Angabe des Grundes
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
kausale adverbiale Bestimmung Umstandsangabe des Grundes, Beispiel: wegen des Wetters
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Kausalsatz Satz, der einen Grund angibt, Begründungsatz
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Kommunikation Verständigung
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Komparativ 1. Steigerungsform, Beispiel: besser von gut
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Kompetenz Sprachfähigkeit
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Kompositum Wortzusammensetzung
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Konditional Angabe der Bedingung
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Konditionalsatz Bedingungssatz
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Kongruenz Übereinstimmung in Numerus und Person
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Konjugation Beugung des Verbs
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Konjunktion Bindewort (und, oder, weil, sowohl als auch ...)
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Konjunktionalsatz Gliedsatz mit Bindeworten
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Konjunktiv Möglichkeitsform
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Konkretum Gegenstandswort (konkreter Begriff), siehe Abstraktum
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Konnotation Nebenbedeutung
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
konsekutiv Angabe der Folge
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Konsekutivsatz Folgesatz
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Konsonant Mitlaut (b, c, d, f, g, h ...)
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
konzessiv Angabe der Einräumung
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Konzessivsatz Einräumungssatz
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
lokal Angabe des Ortes
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
lokale adverbiale Bestimmung Umstandsangabe des Ortes, Beispiel: in der Stadt
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Majuskel Großbuchstabe
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Maskulinum männliches Substantiv
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Minuskel Kleinbuchstabe
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
modal Angabe der Art und Weise
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
modale adverbiale Bestimmung Umstandsbestimmung der Art und Weise, Beispiel: ich tue das gern
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Modalsatz Gliedsatz der Art und Weise
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Modus Aussageweise, Plural von Modus: Modi
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Neutrum sächliches Substantiv
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Nominalstil Ausdrucksweise, bei der hauptsächlich Nomen verwendet werden
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Nominativ 1. Fall, Wer-Fall
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Numerale Zahlwort
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Numerus grammatische Zahl
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Objekt Satzergänzung, Beispiel: den Hund beißen
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Ordinalzahl Ordnungszahl
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Partikel Wörter, die nicht gebeugt werden (Adverbien, Konjunktionen, Präpositionen)
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Partizip Mittelwort
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Partizip Perfekt Passiv Beispiel: gesehen
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Partizip Präsens Aktiv Beispiel: lachend, schreibend
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Passiv Leideform, Beispiel: du wirst geliebt
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Perfekt vollendete Gegenwart, Beispiel: ich habe mich gestoßen
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Personalpronomen persönliches Fürwort
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Plural Mehrzahl
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Plusquamperfekt vollendete Vergangenheit, Beispiel: ich hatte gelernt
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Positiv Grundstufe des Adjektivs
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Possessivpronomen besitzanzeigendes Fürwort (mein, dein, euer ...)
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Prädikat Satzaussage
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Prädikatsnomen Gleichsetzungsnominativ, Beispiel: der Mann ist ein Minister
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Präposition Verhältniswort (an, auf, unter, über ...)
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Präpositionalobjekt Satzglied, Ergänzung mit Verhältniswort
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Präteritum Vergangenheit
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Pronomen Fürwort (ich, du, wir, derjenige, viele ...)
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
reflexives Verb rückbezügliches Verb
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Reflexivpronomen rückbezügliches Fürwort (sich, mich, dich ...)
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Relativadverb bezügliches Umstandswort
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Relativpronomen Bezugsfürwort (das, was ...)
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Relativsatz rückbezüglicher Satz
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
rhetorische Frage Frage, auf die keine Antwort erwartet wird
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Semantik Wortbedeutungslehre
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Semikolon Strichpunkt
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Singular Einzahl
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Subjekt Satzgegenstand
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Substantiv Hauptwort, Nennwort
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Suffix Nachsilbe
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Superlativ 2. Steigerungsform (höchste, weiteste, längste ...)
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Synonyme Wörter mit gleicher Bedeutung
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Syntax Lehre vom Satzbau
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
temporal Angabe der Zeit
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
temporale adverbiale Bestimmung Umstandsangabe der Zeit, Beispiel: um 7:00 Uhr
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Tempus Zeitstufe
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
transitives Verb zielendes Verb, Verb, das einen Akkusativ regieren kann
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Umlaut Beispiel: ä, ü, ö
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Valenz Wertigkeit
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Verb Tätigkeitswort, Tuwort, Zeitwort
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Verbalstil Ausdrucksweise, bei der hauptsächlich Verben verwendet werden
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Versalien Großbuchstaben
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Vokal Selbstlaut (a, e, i, o, u)
Erstellt: 2010-
(W3)
Wortarten Substantiv, Adjektiv, Verb, Artikel, Pronomen, Präposition, Adverb, Konjunktion, Interjektion
Erstellt: 2010-
- ()
(E?)(L?) http://www.rabatte.de/
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Browsersize (googlelabs)
googlelabs
Browsersize
(E?)(L?) http://browsersize.googlelabs.com/
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Internet-Chronik (chronicl)
chronicl
Internet-Chronik
(E?)(L?) http://www.chronicl.net/
(E?)(L?) http://www.chronicl.net/timeline/events
Erstellt: 2010-03
- .com
- .edu
- .gov
- .mil
- .net
- .org
.com
.edu
.gov
.mil
.net
.org (W3)
Die Top Level Domains ".com", ".edu", ".gov", ".mil", ".org", ".net" erblickten am 15.03.1985 das Licht des Internets.
(E?)(L?) http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Vor-25-Jahren-Als-com-edu-und-die-anderen-entstanden-954622.html
...
15.03.2010 09:34
Vor 25 Jahren: Als ".com", ".edu" und die anderen entstanden
Am 15.03.1985 wurde im entstehenden Internet das Domain Name System eingeführt. Fortan sollten merkbare Hostnamen die Verwaltung des Netzwerkes erleichtern, das längst nicht mehr nur aus einem Dutzend Rechner bestand.
An diesem Tag wurden sechs Namen für die sogenannten Top Level Domains (TLDs) festgelegt:
- ".com" für kommerzielle Organisationen,
- ".edu" für Universitäten und Schulen,
- ".gov" für die Regierung,
- ".mil" für das Militär,
- ".org" für andere Organisationen und
- ".net" für sonstige Netzwerkressourcen bildeten den Grundstock des Systems.
Zum 25. Geburtstag des Systems stehen einschneidende Änderungen bevor, wie die Debatte um neue Top-Level-Domains zeigt.
...
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Tunica propior pallio est
- Das Hemd ist mir näher als der Rock
Tunica propior pallio est
Das Hemd ist mir näher als der Rock (W3)
Die Lebensregel dt. "Das Hemd ist mir näher als der Rock" ist eine Lehnübersetzung des lat. "Tunica propior pallio est", wörtlich dt. "Die Tunika ist näher als der Mantel", des römischen Komödiendichters Plautus (-0250 - -0184), aus Trinummus 1154.
(E?)(L?) http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/?id=5&xid=2037&kapitel=1#gb_found
Titus Maccius Plautus
Der Schaz (Trinummus)
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Prolog.
- Erste Scene.
- Erste Scene.
- Erste Scene.
- Erste Scene.
- Erste Scene.
- Uebersicht der Sylbenmaße.
(E?)(L?) http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/?id=5&xid=2037&kapitel=7&cHash=70d0c6d3772#gb_found
Zweite Scene.
...
- Charmides.: Wer kommt da gegen uns?
- Lysiteles.: Den Schwäher Charmides Grüßt Lysiteles.
- Charmides.: O gebe dir der Himmel, was du willst!
- Kallikles.: Bin ich nicht des Grußes würdig?
- Lysiteles.: Sei willkommen, Kallikles! Dem gebührt mein erster Gruß: das Hemd ist näher als das Kleid.
- Charmides.: Möge, was ihr schafft und rathet, durch der Götter Huld gedeih'n! Dir verlobt ist meine Tochter.
- Lysiteles.: Wenn du nichts dawider hast.
...
(E?)(L?) http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/plautus/trinummus.shtml
(E?)(L?) http://www.ub.uni-bielefeld.de/cgi-bin/neubutton.cgi?pfad=/diglib/aufkl/humanmag/100891&seite=00000241.TIF&werk=Zeitschriften+der+Aufklaerung
(E?)(L?) http://www.ub.uni-bielefeld.de/cgi-bin/neubutton.cgi?pfad=/diglib/aufkl/humanmag/100891&seite=00000303.TIF&werk=Zeitschriften+der+Aufklaerung
Der Dreier, Ein Lustspiel des Plautus
(E?)(L?) http://www.freidok.uni-freiburg.de/volltexte/4720/pdf/Lefevre_Politics_and_society_in_Plautus.pdf
ECKARD LEFÈVRE
Politics and society in Plautus' "Trinummus"
...
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Podcasting
Podcasting (W3)
"Podcasting" ist die Kurzform von "Portable On Demand narrowCASTING".
(E?)(L?) http://www.podcast.de/informieren/
(E?)(L?) http://www.podcast.de/suche/?q=Etymologie&in=ShowSearch
(E?)(L?) http://www.podcast.de/suche/?q=Etymologie&in=ShowSearch
Erstellt: 2010-03
- ¶ - eine Leerzeile
¶ (W3)
¶ = eine Leerzeile
Erstellt: 2010-03
- i. A. - im Auftrag
i. A. (W3)
i. A. = im Auftrag
Erstellt: 2010-03
- i. V. - in Vertretung
i. V. (W3)
i. V. = in Vertretung
Erstellt: 2010-03
- ppa. - per procura
ppa. (W3)
ppa. = per procura
Erstellt: 2010-03
- ’ - Apostroph
’ (W3)
’ = Apostroph
Erstellt: 2010-03
- – - Gedankenstrich
- (W3)
– = Gedankenstrich
Erstellt: 2010-03
- ( ) / [ ] / < > - Klammern
(W3)
( ) / [ ] / < > = Klammern
Erstellt: 2010-03
- § - Paragraph
§ (W3)
§ = Paragraph
Erstellt: 2010-03
- & - und in Firmenbezeichnungen
& (W3)
& = und in Firmenbezeichnungen
Erstellt: 2010-03
- ./. - gegen
./. (W3)
./. = gegen
Erstellt: 2010-03
- – - bis
- (W3)
– = bis
Erstellt: 2010-03
- / - pro
/ (W3)
/ = pro
Erstellt: 2010-03
- * - geboren
* (W3)
* = geboren
Erstellt: 2010-03
- + - gestorben
+ (W3)
+ = gestorben
Erstellt: 2010-03
- # - Nummer
# (W3)
# = Nummer
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Abstraktum
Abstraktum (W3)
Als "Abstraktum" bezeichnet man Substantive, die etwas Nichtgegenständliches bezeichnen. Das Wort "Abstraktum" geht zurück auf lat. "abstrahere" = "abstrahieren", wörtlich "abziehen", "wegziehen". Das "Abstraktum" ist also dasjenige, bei dem man jegliche Gegenständlichkeit weggelassen hat - oder andersherum, die Quintessenz, die man aus der Gegenständlichkeit herausgezogen hat.
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Adjektiv
Adjektiv (W3)
Das "Adjektiv", dt. "Eigenschaftswort" (spätlat. "adiectivum" = "zum Beifügen dienend(es Nomen)"), setzt sich zusammen aus lat. "-ad-" = dt. "bis", "bis zu", "nach", "zu" und lat. "icere" = dt. "legen", "werfen".
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Adverb
Adverb (W3)
Das "Adverb", dt. "Umstandswort", setzt sich zusammen aus lat. "-ad-" = dt. "bis", "bis zu", "nach", "zu" und lat. "verbum" = dt. "Wort", "Spruch".
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Lex Julia
Lex Julia (W3)
Die "Lex Julia" wurde von Kaiser Augustus im Jahr -19 erlassen. In dem Ehegesetz wurde Ehebruch bei Männern wie bei Frauen unter Strafe gestellt. Benannt wurde die "Lex Julia" nach Julia (-39 - +14), der Tochter von Kaiser Augustus. Diese wurde wegen ihres Lebenswandels später auf eine einsame Insel verbannt.
(E?)(L?) http:///
Erstellt: 2010-03
- 2009-03-12 - Welttag gegen Internetzensur
- Welttag gegen Internetzensur - 2009-03-12
2009-03-12
Welttag gegen Internetzensur
(E?)(L?) http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Welttag-gegen-Internetzensur-Der-Kampf-um-Online-Kontrolle-953175.html
12.03.2010
Zum zweiten Mal findet am heutigen Freitag der "Welttag gegen Internetzensur" statt. Die Organisation Reporter ohne Grenzen warnt an diesem von ihr initiierten Tag vor zunehmenden Bedrohungen der Meinungs- und Informationsfreiheit im Internet.
...
Erstellt: 2010-03
- The European - Das Debattenmagazin (theeuropean)
theeuropean
The European
Das Debattenmagazin
(E?)(L?) http://www.theeuropean.de/
Erstellt: 2010-03
- 3minuten-Filme (3min)
3min
3minuten-Filme
Videoportal
(E?)(L?) http://www.3min.de/
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Granada-Reisen (granada-reisen)
granada-reisen
Granada-Reisen
(E?)(L?) http://blog.granada-reisen.de/
Granada, Las Alpujarras, Sierra Nevada und Costa
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Digital Artist, Photographer & Composer (philmcdarby)
philmcdarby
Phil McDarby
Digital Artist, Photographer & Composer
(E?)(L?) http://www.philmcdarby.com/
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Dephlogisticated Air
- Dephlogistierte Luft
Dephlogisticated Air
Dephlogistierte Luft (W3)
Als engl. "Dephlogisticated Air", dt. "Dephlogistierte Luft", bezeichnete Dr. Joseph Priestley (1733-????) das Gas "Sauerstoff" im 18. Jh. Diese Bezeichnung basierte auf der "Phlogiston-Theorie" (1667), mit der Feuer und Rost (von Metallen) erklärt wurden.
"Phlogiston" geht zurück auf griech. "phlogistón" = "Verbranntes", griech. "phlogízein" = "verbrennen". Die Phlogistontheorie ging allerdings davon aus, dass beim Verbrennungsvorgang ein Stoff entweicht. Die von Lavoisier aufgestellte Oxidationstheorie (die auch heute noch gültig ist) geht allerdings davon aus, dass beim Verbrennungsvorgang Sauerstoff aus der Luft chemisch gebunden wird.
Erstellt: 2010-03
- Xanthippe
Xanthippe (W3)
Der name der Frau des Sokrates, "Xanthippe", setzt sich zusammen aus griech. "xanthós" = "gelb" und griech. "híppos" = "Pferd".
Erstellt: 2010-03
