J'avais promis de revenir sur les Klingons il y a quelques jours. En effet, j'ai constaté que ce peuple belliqueux lit régulièrement "Technologies du langage"! Mon billet "Sans frontières" est même cité sur un blog Klingon - vraiment sans frontière, pour le compte (si un tel lien intergalactique ne me donne pas du PageRank, je n'y comprend rien!).
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There have been several attempts to create an artificial language, the most famous of which is probably Esperanto. Such languages are usually planned in such a way as to be as easy as possible to learn and speak, and borrow heavily from existing languages.
However, there is one recent example of an artificial language which has a rather different purpose - and as a result is quite different from almost all other 'created' languages.
The Beginning - Grunts and growls
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1979 hatte die Produktionsfirma Paramount Picture den Linguisten Marc Okrand engagiert, um für den ersten "Star Trek"-Spielfilm eine Klingonen-Sprache zu entwickeln.
Mitte der achtziger Jahre schuf er eine eigene Grammatik mit komplettem Wortschatz. 2.500 Vokabeln gibt es mittlerweile, ein Wörterbuch und das um Sprachpflege bemühte "Klingon Language Institute" (KLI) in Philadelphia. Fans aus 50 Ländern verständigen sich über das Internet in Klingonisch und treffen sich regelmäßig zu Symposien. Die Dokumentation "Earthlings" von Alexandre O. Philippe über die hartgesottensten Fans unter ihnen wird während der Filmfestspiele gezeigt, die noch bis zum Sonntag dauern.
- Das klingonische Alphabet
Das klingonische Alphabet ist für uns Menschen nur schwer zu lesen. Aus diesem Grund haben Sprachwissenschaftler versucht für die klingonische Sprache unsere bekannten Buchstaben zu verwenden. Dennoch wollen wir das klingonische ABC im Original einmal zeigen.- Klingon Survival Kit:
NugneH: Hello., Hallo. | Qapla': Good Bye., Auf Wiedersehen. | Qathlo': Thanks., Danke. | HISlaH: Yes, Ja | Ghobe': No, Nein | Quvathl: as...le (mo...er), Ar...loch | JuHwIjDaq pagh juHlIjDaq: To my place or to your place?, Zu mir oder zu dir?- Klingonische Volksweisheiten
- Hamlet im Original ;)
William Shakespeare ist wohl einer der meistzitierten Schriftsteller. Vor allem sein Werk "Hamlet" liefert hier einige schlagkräftige Zitate. Das wohl bekannteste ist "Sein oder nicht sein, das ist hier die Frage" ("TaH pagh taHbe'. DaH mu'tIHeghvam vIqelnIS."). Was viele nicht wissen, das Original kommt aus dem Klingonischen ;) Wenn ihr euch das mal anhören wollt, einfach auf das Lautsprecher-Icon klicken und Prof. Dr. Markus Groß lauschen.
Klingon (n.)
antedating 1968 G. L. Coon 'Errand of Mercy'
a member of a fictional humanoid alien race featuring in the U.S. television series Star Trek and in subsequent associated series, films, publications, etc. Also in extended use. Also the language of this race.
uuu: mi tavla do
(10 October 1999)
Pidgins are created when people who don't share a language try to communicate with each other. Pidgins do have grammar, of course, but they tend not to be carefully constructed; they're created on an ad hoc basis, to serve the needs of their speakers.
Many people have taken a more systematic approach to the creation of artificial languages. Some such languages (such as "Quenya" or "Klingon") are created for fictional societies to speak; others (such as "Esperanto") are intended to serve noble goals of international communication; still others (such as "Loglan") are experiments designed to test certain claims or hypotheses; and many others are designed by hobbyists and linguists as an exercise or an entertainment.
Most such languages have their devotees. Enough Tolkien fans are interested in his invented Elvish languages "Quenya" and "Sindarin" (and the "Tengwar" and "Cirth" letters they're written in) to have formed the TolkLang mailing list; some people write poetry in various forms of "Elvish". The sounds of the language are lovely. At the other end of the aesthetics scale is "Klingon", created for Star Trek by Mark Okrand; it's a harsh, guttural language, suitable for warriors, and has attracted widespread public attention with the publication of a translation dictionary (and a project to translate the Bible and Shakespeare into Klingon, by the Klingon Language Institute).
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The words listed here are missing from the dictionary (added later by Dr. Okrand) or were expanded upon after its publication. List compiled by Will Martin (a.k.a. charghwI'). Note that some of these words are still a little unsure, and the list is subject to additions, deletions, and emendations as our knowledge increases. Annotations and determinations of what warrants inclusion in this list are due to Will. Send him suggestions for additional entries, realizing that only words from confirmed Okrand sources will be accepted, and the source must be cited. See the explanation at the bottom of this list for source abbreviation descriptions.
Note that with the addition of the book Klingon for the Galactic Traveler, we have a new published word list with which we have no interest in competing. All entries of words formerly on this list which exist in KGT have been removed so as to not compete with Dr. Okrand's income via royalties. KGT words exist here only if they have shown up somewhere in canon with a different meaning than listed in KGT. For a complete word list, combine this list with TKD and KGT.
English Name of Language All English Names All French Names ISO 639-2 ISO 639-1 Klingon Klingon; tlhIngan-Hol klingon tlh tlhIngan-Hol Klingon; tlhIngan-Hol klingon tlh
Great literature always is best read in its original language. No matter how good a translation is, it will never be able to perfectly capture the nuances of the original. I realized this when I read the Aeneid in Latin during high school, and that's why I'm now going to have to bone up on my Klingon so that I can read Hamlet in its original language. "taH pagh taHbe." Doesn't that sound better than 'To be or not to be?
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Oxford Journal; Latest Word: 'Klingons' In, 'Muggles' Not Quite
By WARREN HOGE
Published: November 12, 2002
Heard the one about the fashionista and his arm candy who live in parallel universes, prefer chat rooms and text messaging to snailmail, suffer sticker shock at the cost of pashminas and like chick lit or airport novels?
This trendy tale is nonsense, of course, but it is now Oxfordapproved nonsense.
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The Klingon alphabet (tlhIngan pIqaD) is the creation of an unknown inventor at Paramount. In the Star Trek TV series and movies random letters from the alphabet are used for effect. There is no official mapping of the Klingon letters to the Latin alphabet, but the one shown below is generally used by tlhIngan pIqaD enthusiasts. Most people who speak Klingon prefer to use the Latin alphabet to write it.
There are perhaps 20 or 30 fluent speakers of Klingon, and some 500 or 600 people who have some knowledge of the language.
Used to write
Klingon (tlhIngan Hol), a language created by Dr Marc Okrand, a professional linguist, for use by the alien Klingons in some of the Star Trek movies. To make Klingon sound truly alien, Okrand used combinations of sounds which do not exist in any natural language. It is a complete language, with its own vocabulary, grammar, usage and an enthusiastic community of speakers.
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KlingonischWörterbuch Zahlensprache - Die Kurzschrift der heutigen Zeit
- Wörterbuch Klingonisch / Deutsch
- Wörterbuch Deutsch / Klingonisch
- Erläuterungen zum Wörterbuch
Das Morsealphabet
uuu: mi tavla do
(10 October 1999)
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Many people have taken a more systematic approach to the creation of artificial languages. Some such languages (such as "Quenya" or "Klingon") are created for fictional societies to speak; others (such as "Esperanto") are intended to serve noble goals of international communication; still others (such as "Loglan") are experiments designed to test certain claims or hypotheses; and many others are designed by hobbyists and linguists as an exercise or an entertainment.
Most such languages have their devotees. Enough Tolkien fans are interested in his invented Elvish languages "Quenya" and "Sindarin" (and the "Tengwar" and "Cirth" letters they're written in) to have formed the TolkLang mailing list; some people write poetry in various forms of "Elvish". The sounds of the language are lovely. At the other end of the aesthetics scale is "Klingon", created for "Star Trek" by Mark Okrand; it's a harsh, guttural language, suitable for warriors, and has attracted widespread public attention with the publication of a translation dictionary (and a project to translate the Bible and Shakespeare into "Klingon", by the Klingon Language Institute).
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Star Trek
- RELATIVISTIC STAR SHIP CALCULATOR - S.R. Schmitt, Abecedarical Systems
- WARP FACTOR CALCULATOR - S.R. Schmitt, Abecedarical Systems
This Wikibook teaches the reader to speak the Klingon Language. It supplies a fast yet complete method of learning tlhIngan Hol, by providing auditory aid and structured information for fast absorption by the reader.
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Klingons (Klingon: tlhIngan) are a warrior race in the fictional Star Trek universe. They are recurring villains in the 1960s television show Star Trek: The Original Series, and have appeared in all five spin-off series and seven feature films. Initially intended to be swarthy antagonists for the crew of the USS Enterprise, the Klingons ended up a close ally of humanity and the United Federation of Planets in later television series.
As originally developed by screenwriter Gene L. Coon, Klingons were darkly colored humanoids with little honor, intended as an allegory to the then-current Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. With a greatly expanded budget for makeup and effects, the Klingons were completely redesigned in Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979), gaining ridged foreheads that created a continuity error not explained by canon until 2005. In later films and the spin-off series Star Trek: The Next Generation, the militaristic traits of the Klingons were bolstered by an increased sense of honor and strict warrior code.
Among the elements created for the revised Klingons was a complete language, developed by Marc Okrand off gibberish suggested by actor James Doohan. Since its appearance, Klingon became the first fictional language to break into popular culture; the works of William Shakespeare and even the Bible have been translated into the guttural language. Several tutorials and dictionaries have been published and according to Guinness World Records, Klingon is the most popular fictional language by number of speakers.
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