INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8601
Third edition
2004-12-01
Data elements and interchange formats - Information interchange - Representation of dates and times
Éléments de données et formats d'échange - Échange d'information - Représentation de la date et de l'heure
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Contents Page...
- Foreword..................................................................................... iv
- Introduction ................................................................................. v
- 1 Scope....................................................................................... 1
- 2 Terms and definitions....................................................................... 1
- 2.1 Basic concepts............................................................................ 1
- 2.2 Time units, nominal durations and time intervals ......................................... 4
- 2.3 Representations and formats .............................................................. 7
- 3 Fundamental principles...................................................................... 7
- 3.1 Basic rules .............................................................................. 7
- 3.2 Time scales............................................................................... 8
- 3.3 Representations and format representations .............................................. 10
- 3.4 Characters used in the representations .................................................. 10
- 3.5 Expansion ............................................................................... 12
- 3.6 Leading zeros ........................................................................... 12
- 3.7 Mutual agreement ........................................................................ 12
- 4 Date and time representations.............................................................. 13
- 4.1 Date..................................................................................... 13
- 4.2 Time of day ............................................................................. 15
- 4.3 Date and time of day..................................................................... 18
- 4.4 Time interval ........................................................................... 20
- 4.5 Recurring time interval ................................................................. 23
- 5 Date and time format representations ...................................................... 25
- Annex A (informative) Relationship to ISO 2014, ISO 2015, ISO 2711, ISO 3307 and ISO 4031 ... 26
- Annex B (informative) Examples of representations ........................................... 27
- Bibliography ................................................................................ 33
2.2.10
calendar week number
ordinal number which identifies a calendar week within its calendar year according to the rule that the first calendar week of a year is that one which includes the first Thursday of that year and that the last calendar week of a calendar year is the week immediately preceding the first calendar week of the next calendar year
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Es gibt 3 verschiedene Darstellungsformen.
Die üblichste Form ist die Kalenderdarstellung in der Form YYYY-MM-DD. Der 12. April 1985 wird beispielsweise als 1985-04-12 dargestellt.
Die nächste Form ist die ordinale Darstellung, bei der das Jahr und eine dreistellige Zahl benutzt werden. Die Zahl kennzeichnet dabei den Tag innerhalb des Jahres. Der 1. Januar wird durch 001 repräsentiert und der 12. April in einem Nicht-Schaltjahr durch die 102. So ergibt sich für unser Beispieldatum die Darstellung 1985-102.
Bei der dritten Darstellungsform wird das Datum über das Jahr, die Wochennummer und den Tag innerhalb dieser Woche festgelegt. Als Beginn der Woche ist der Montag definiert. Die erste Kalenderwoche im Jahr ist die Woche, die den ersten Donnerstag des Jahres enthält. So ist die Darstellung für unser Beispieldatum dann 1985-W15-5.
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ISO 8601 ist ein internationaler Standard der ISO, der numerische Datumsformate und Zeitangaben beschreibt und Empfehlungen für den Gebrauch im internationalen Kontext ausspricht. Der Titel der Norm ist Data elements and interchange formats - Information interchange - Representation of dates and times, was im deutschen „Datenelemente und Austauschformate; Informationsaustausch; Darstellung von Datum und Uhrzeit“ bedeutet.
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Inhaltsverzeichnis
- 1 Zusammenfassung
- 2 Darstellung
- 2.1 Verwendete Zeichen
- 2.2 Datum
- 2.3 Tageszeit
- 2.4 Zeitzonen
- 2.5 Zeitspannen
- 2.6 Zeitrechnungsangaben „v. Chr“ und „n. Chr“
- 3 Siehe auch
- 4 Weblinks
- 5 Einzelnachweise
Contents
- 1 History
- 2 Scope and application of the standard
- 3 General principles
- 4 Dates
- 4.1 Years
- 4.2 Calendar dates
- 4.3 Week dates
- 4.4 Ordinal dates
- 5 Times
- 5.1 Time zone designators
- 5.1.1 UTC
- 5.1.2 Other time zones
- 5.1.3 Time zone conversions
- 6 Combined date and time representations
- 7 Durations
- 8 Time intervals
- 8.1 Repeating intervals
- 9 Truncated representations
- 10 See also
- 11 Notes
- 12 External links
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Die Heiligen Sieben
Vor etwa 4.000 Jahren erfanden die Babylonier die siebentägige Woche. Vielleicht, weil jeweils gut sieben Tage zwischen den vier wichtigsten Mondphasen - Neumond, erstes Viertel, Vollmond und letztes Viertel - liegen, vielleicht auch verbunden mit der Erkenntnis, dass es am Sternenhimmel schon immer genau sieben Gestirne und Planeten gab, die vom Menschen von der Erde aus mit blossem Auge zu erkennen waren. Bereits im Altertum galt die Anzahl der Himmelskörper als die Heilige Sieben. Daraus entstand auch ein urtümliches Weltbild: Sieben Gestirne, von sieben Fürsten regiert, beherrschten in festen Bahnen das Schicksal der Menschen; der Polytheismus, die Welt der verschiedenen Gottheiten. Seit ungefähr 2100 Jahren ist die Zuteilung der einzelnen Wochentage an die sieben Gestirne ganz allgemein in den Kulturgebrauch übergegangen, vermutlich über das bis 538 v.Chr. im spätbabylonischen Reich im Exil lebende Judentum; die Tage wurden aber seit etwa 1400 Jahren fortlaufend gezählt wie heute.
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Die Woche gehört zu den ältesten Kalendereinheiten und entstand wahrscheinlich im Orient, in Mesopotamien war sie schon im Jahrhundert vor Christi Geburt üblich. Die jüdisch-christliche Tradition übernahm die 7-Tage-Woche, wobei die Forderung bestand, nach sechs Arbeitstagen einen Ruhetag einzulegen. Auch die Schöpfungsgeschichte der Bibel beruht auf dieser Zeiteinteilung. Die Namen unserer Wochentage gehen auf die Römer zurück: Die Römer nannten sie nach den fünf mit dem Auge sichtbaren Planeten, der Sonne und dem Mond.
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Die Zusammenfassung von sieben Tagen zu einer Einheit von einer Woche resultiert aus der Länge eines Monats (Mondes), der etwas mehr als 28 Tage umfasst. Die vier Mondphasen (Neumond, zunehmender Halbmond, Vollmond, abnehmender Halbmond) erlauben eine naheliegende Einteilung der 28 Monatstage in vier Wochen zu je sieben Tagen. Die Namensgebung und Reihenfolge der Wochentage stammen aus Babylonien und Ägypten, wo bereits im Alten Reich der Monat in die vier Mondphasen eingeteilt und damit verbunden religiöse Opfer dargebracht wurden. Jedem Tag wurde dabei eine Gottheit zugeordnet.
Bislang bleibt ungeklärt, ob die alttestamentliche Überlieferung von Anfang an mit der "Sieben-Tage-Woche" verbunden war oder ob zwei ursprünglich getrennte Überlieferungen erst später miteinander verbunden wurden. In den ältesten alttestamentlichen Überlieferungen ist eine explizite "Sieben-Tage-Woche" unbekannt, da der siebte Tag nur als allgemeiner "Ruhetag" belegt ist. Die Bezeichnung "Sabbat" ist dagegen erst sehr viel später bezeugt. Die Namensherleitung ist ebenfalls nicht klar. Die moderne Forschung diskutiert einerseits die Herkunft vom hebräischen Begriff "šbt" ("aufhören", "von der Arbeit ablassen", "feiern") und andererseits die babylonische Entsprechung "šapattu" ("Mondfest"). Zudem liegen Annahmen vor, dass der ursprüngliche archaisch-babylonische "Mondfest-Monat" mit den jeweiligen Feiertagen am 7./14./21./28. Tag von den Israeliten beibehalten wurde, während die Babylonier ihren Kalender auf Monate von 29 bis 30 Tagen anpassten. Tatsächlich beträgt der Mondumlauf etwa 29,5 Tage und ergibt eine Einteilung des Jahres in zwölf Monate. Gemäß der christlichen Tradition feiern die meisten Christen den ersten Tag der Woche, den "Sonntag" ("Tag der Sonne"; Tag, an welchem dem Sonnengott Opfer dargebracht wurden), als Gedächtnistag der Auferstehung von Jesus von Nazareth. Das Gebot der Sabbatheiligung wird in diesem Sinne umgedeutet ("Du sollst den Feiertag heiligen").
In der Antike gelangte im Rahmen des ägyptisch-babylonischen Zodiaks die Einteilung zu den Griechen und Römern. Diese Namenstradition erfuhr schon früh den weiteren Transfer bis nach Indien und Japan.
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From Matt Rosenberg, Your Guide to Geography.
Feb 25 2007
A Listing of Every Country and Its Date of Independence
The vast majority of the countries on earth became independent after 1800. Only 20 were independent before the start of the 19th century, a mere 10%. By 1900, only 49 or 25% of the world's countries of today were independent.
Many countries became independent following World War II when European powers granted independence to their vast colonial holdings, especially Africa.
Here are the independence days for every country, from the oldest to the youngest...
- 660 BCE - Japan
- 221 BCE - China
- 301 CE - San Marino
- 843 CE - France
- 976 CE - Austria
- 10th Century CE - Denmark
- 1001 - Hungary
- 1143 - Portugal
- 1238 - Thailand
- 1278 - Andorra
- August 1, 1291 - Switzerland
- 1419 - Monaco
- 15th Century - Spain
- June 6, 1523 - Sweden
- January 23, 1579 - Netherlands
- 1650 - Oman
- May 1, 1707 - United Kingdom
- January 23, 1719 - Liechtenstein
- 1768 - Nepal
- July 4, 1776 - United States of America
- January 1, 1804 - Haiti
- July 20, 1810 - Colombia
- Sept. 16, 1810 - Mexico
- Sept. 18, 1810 - Chile
- May 14, 1811 - Paraguay
- July 5, 1811 - Venezuela
- July 9, 1816 - Argentina
- July 28, 1821 - Peru
- Sept. 15, 1821 - Costa Rica
- Sept. 15, 1821 - El Salvador
- Sept. 15, 1821 - Guatemala
- Sept. 15, 1821 - Honduras
- Sept. 15, 1821 - Nicaragua
- May 24, 1822 - Ecuador
- Sept. 7, 1822 - Brazil
- August 6, 1825 - Bolivia
- August 25, 1825 - Uruguay
- 1829 - Greece
- October 4, 1830 - Belgium
- 1839 - Luxembourg
- February 27, 1844 - Dominican Republic
- July 26, 1847 - Liberia
- March 17, 1861 - Italy
- July 1, 1867 - Canada
- January 18, 1871 - Germany
- May 9, 1877 - Romania
- March 3, 1878 - Bulgaria
- 1896 - Ethiopia
- June 12, 1898 - Philippines
- January 1, 1901 - Australia
- May 20, 1902 - Cuba
- November 3, 1903 - Panama
- June 7, 1905 - Norway
- Sept. 26, 1907 - New Zealand
- May 31, 1910 - South Africa
- November 28, 1912 - Albania
- December 6, 1917 - Finland
- November 11, 1918 - Poland
- December 1, 1918 - Iceland
- August 19, 1919 - Afghanistan
- July 11, 1921 - Mongolia
- December 6, 1921 - Ireland
- February 28, 1922 - Egypt
- October 29, 1923 - Turkey
- February 11, 1929 - Vatican City
- Sept. 23, 1932 - Saudi Arabia
- October 3, 1932 - Iraq
- November 22, 1943 - Lebanon
- August 15, 1945 - Korea, North
- August 15, 1945 - Korea, South
- August 17, 1945 - Indonesia
- Sept. 2, 1945 - Vietnam
- April 17, 1946 - Syria
- May 25, 1946 - Jordan
- August 14, 1947 - Pakistan
- August 15, 1947 - India
- January 4, 1948 - Burma
- February 4, 1948 - Sri Lanka
- May 14, 1948 - Israel
- July 19, 1949 - Laos
- August 8, 1949 - Bhutan
- December 24, 1951 - Libya
- November 9, 1953 - Cambodia
- January 1, 1956 - Sudan
- March 2, 1956 - Morocco
- March 20, 1956 - Tunisia
- March 6, 1957 - Ghana
- August 31, 1957 - Malaysia
- October 2, 1958 - Guinea
- January 1, 1960 - Cameroon
- April 4, 1960 - Senegal
- May 27, 1960 - Togo
- June 30, 1960 - Congo, Republic of the
- July 1, 1960 - Somalia
- July 26, 1960 - Madagascar
- August 1, 1960 - Benin
- August 3, 1960 - Niger
- August 5, 1960 - Burkina Faso
- August 7, 1960 - Cote d'Ivorie
- August 11, 1960 - Chad
- August 13, 1960 - Central African Republic
- August 15, 1960 - Congo, Dem. Rep. of the
- August 16, 1960 - Cyprus
- August 17, 1960 - Gabon
- Sept. 22, 1960 - Mali
- October 1, 1960 - Nigeria
- November 28, 1960 - Mauritania
- April 27, 1961 - Sierra Leone
- June 19, 1961 - Kuwait
- January 1, 1962 - Samoa
- July 1, 1962 - Burundi
- July 1, 1962 - Rwanda
- July 5, 1962 - Algeria
- August 6, 1962 - Jamaica
- August 31, 1962 - Trinidad and Tobago
- October 9, 1962 - Uganda
- December 12, 1963 - Kenya
- April 26, 1964 - Tanzania
- July 6, 1964 - Malawi
- Sept. 21, 1964 - Malta
- October 24, 1964 - Zambia
- February 18, 1965 - Gambia, The
- July 26, 1965 - Maldives
- Sept. 9, 1965 - Singapore
- May 26, 1966 - Guyana
- September 30, 1966 - Botswana
- October 4, 1966 - Lesotho
- November 30, 1966 - Barbados
- January 31, 1968 - Nauru
- March 12, 1968 - Mauritius
- Sept. 6, 1968 - Swaziland
- October 12, 1968 - Equatorial
- June 4, 1970 - Tonga
- October 10, 1970 - Fiji
- August 15, 1971 - Bahrain
- Sept. 3, 1971 - Qatar
- November 2, 1971 - United Arab Emirates
- December 16, 1971 - Bangladesh
- July 10, 1973 - Bahamas
- Sept. 24, 1973 - Guinea-Bissau
- February 7, 1974 - Grenada
- June 25, 1975 - Mozambique
- July 5, 1975 - Cape Verde
- July 6, 1975 - Comoros
- July 12, 1975 - Sao Tome and Principe
- Sept. 16, 1975 - Papua New Guinea
- November 11, 1975 - Angola
- November 25, 1975 - Suriname
- June 29, 1976 - Seychelles
- July 7, 1978 - Solomon Islands
- October 1, 1978 - Tuvalu
- November 3, 1978 - Dominica
- February 22, 1979 - Saint Lucia
- April 1, 1979 - Iran
- July 12, 1979 - Kiribati October 27, 1979 - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- April 18, 1980 - Zimbabwe
- July 30, 1980 - Vanuatu
- January 11, 1981 - Antigua and Barbuda
- Sept. 21, 1981 - Belize
- Sept. 19, 1983 - Saint Kitts and Nevis
- January 1, 1984 - Brunei
- October 21, 1986 - Marshall Islands
- November 3, 1986 - Micronesia, Federated States of
- March 11, 1990 - Lithuania
- March 21, 1990 - Namibia
- May 22, 1990 - Yemen
- April 9, 1991 - Georgia
- June 25, 1991 - Croatia
- June 25, 1991 - Slovenia
- August 20, 1991 - Estonia
- August 21, 1991 - Kyrgyzstan
- August 24, 1991 - Russia
- August 25, 1991 - Belarus
- August 27, 1991 - Moldova
- August 30, 1991 - Azerbaijan
- Sept. 1, 1991 - Uzbekistan
- Sept. 6, 1991 - Latvia
- Sept. 8, 1991 - Macedonia
- Sept. 9, 1991 - Tajikistan
- Sept. 21, 1991 - Armenia
- October 27, 1991 - Turkmenistan
- November 24, 1991 - Ukraine
- December 16, 1991 - Kazakhstan
- March 3, 1992 - Bosnia and Herzegovina
- January 1, 1993 - Czech Republic
- January 1, 1993 - Slovakia
- May 24, 1993 - Eritrea
- October 1, 1994 - Palau
- May 20, 2002 - East Timor
- June 3, 2006 - Montenegro
- June 5, 2006 - Serbia
The rune "ass", meaning "Aesir", i.e. "the chief gods of pagan Scandinavia", later "oss", meaning "rapids" or "waterfall", from the Nordic rune alphabet.
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The sign (?) stands for "Thursdays" on the medieval clog almanacs.
All dates are shown using the Gregorian (Western) calendar. The calendar is accurate, but some dates may vary regionally because they are determined by the lunar calendar. Jewish festivals usually begin at sundown on the previous day.
If there is a religious festival or holy day that you think should be included in this calendar please email us: religion@bbc.co.uk
Select a religion: Atheism | Humanism | Baha'i | Buddhism | Mahayana | Theravada | Candomblé | Christianity | Baptist | Catholic | Christadelphians | Church of England | Church of Scotland | Eastern Orthodox | Exclusive Brethren | Jehovah's Witnesses | Methodist | Mormon | Pentecostal | Quaker | Seventh-day Adventists | Hinduism | Islam | Shia | Sunni | Jainism | Jehovah's Witnesses | Judaism | Humanistic | Liberal | Orthodox | Reconstructionist | Reform | Mormon | Paganism | Heathenry | Wicca | Rastafari | Santeria | Shinto | Sikhism | Taoism | Unitarianism
Select an ethical issue: Abortion | Animal ethics | Capital punishment | Contraception | Euthanasia | Female circumcision | Forced marriage | Honour crimes | Male circumcision | Same-sex marriage | Slavery | Sport | Torture | War
Messageboards: Have your say on the Religion & Ethics Message Boards »
- Holy days by Faith: Bahá'í | Buddhist | Christian | Hindu | Jain | Jewish | Muslim | Pagan | Rastafari | Shinto | Sikh
- Holy days by Month - 2008: January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December
- Holy days by Month - 2009: January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December
- Holy days by Month - 2010: January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December
- Holy days by Month - 2011: January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December
- Holy days by Year: 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012
4661 Treffer für "welttag" (15.11.2005)
What are flag days?
A "Flag Day" is a day when the adoption of a flag is celebrated.
For example: On 11 January when Norfolk Island celebrates Flag Proclamation Day.
But "Flag Day" is also short for "Flagging Day" or "Flag-flying Day"; a day when people collectively fly their flags or when government personnel is instructed to fly flags from governmental buildings.
For example: On 14 July in France flags are flown to observe Bastille Day.
To distinguish between these two categories, "real" Flag Days are listed together with the appropriate flag, where other flag days are listed as text only.
Past Years: 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999
January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December
Welcome to Holidays For Everyday. For many year I have put calendars of unusual holiday, birthdays, and more on the Preschool Education website. I have decided to give the holidays the recognition and space they deserved and move them to their own website. With that, Holidays For Everyday was born.
Using the menu on the left, you can look through the most current calendar, or through past years.
The following table lists the date and name for select national holidays in countries around the world. Find the day, month, and year of inception for independence, revolution, flag, and founding days of more than 100 nations.
introduction | participation | guidelines | UN Calendar | UN Days meditation | UN Years meditation | UN Days | 2005 Microcredit | 2005 Sport | 2005 Physics | Year 2004 themes
The United Nations Days & Years Meditation Initiative provides meditations for use by individuals and groups in support of both the UN Days, and the themes for the Year. The site includes the UN Calendar. Information is provided on each of the UN Days and on the themes for the Year 2005: International Year of Microcredit; International Year of Physics; and International Year of Sport and Physical Education. There are guidelines for meditation and suggestions on how to participate in this Initiative.
- Terminvorschau August 2005
- Terminvorschau Juli 2005
- Terminvorschau Juni 2005
- Terminvorschau Mai 2005
- Terminvorschau April 2005
- Terminvorschau März 2005
- Terminvorschau Februar 2005
- Teminvorschau Januar 2005
- Terminvorschau Dezember 2004
- Terminvorschau November 2004
- Terminvorschau Oktober 2004
- Terminvorschau September 2004
- Terminvorschau August 2004
- Terminvorschau Juli 2004
- Terminvorschau Juni 2004
- Terminvorschau Mai 2004
- Terminvorschau April 2004
- Terminvorschau März 2004
- Terminvorschau Februar 2004
- Terminvorschau Januar 2004
- Terminvorschau Dezember 2003
- Terminvorschau November 2003
- Terminvorschau Oktober 2003
- Terminvorschau September 2003
- Terminvorschau August 2003
- Terminvorschau Juli 2003
- Terminvorschau Juni 2003
- Terminvorschau Mai 2003
- Terminvorschau April 2003
- Terminvorschau März 2003
- Terminvorschau Februar 2003
- Indictio graeca: Extends from 1 Sept of the previous to 31 Aug of the given year. Used in Byzance, South Italy and Sicily, until 1087 used by the Papal curia
- Indictio romana A B: Starts with New Year's day, here either (A) 25 Dec of the previous or (B) 1 Jan of the given year. Used by the Papal curia from 1087 on and in late medieval Germany.
- Indictio Bedana: Extends from 24 Sept of the previous to 23 Sept of the given year. Introduced by Bede, later widely used, especially in Germany and by the Imperial chancellery
- Byzantine Style: Extends from 1 Sept of the previous to 31 Aug of the given year, in accordance with the Byzantine usage of dating the creation of the world.
- Christmas Style: Extends from 25 Dec of the previous to 24 Dec of the given year. Style most widely used in the Middle Ages
- Circumcision Style: Extends from 1 Jan to 31 Dec, today still in use.
- Annunciation Style Pis Flor: Begins the year on 25 March of the previous (stilus pisanus) or on 25 March of the given year (stilus florentinus, mos anglicanus).
- Easter Style: Begins the year on the (movable) date of Easter Sunday of the given year. The year (Easter Style) went from Easter Sunday (our style) to Holy Saturday (our style) Easter Style was used especially in France until the 16th century (mos gallicus). This program calculates Easter only for the time after the Council of Nicea (325), assuming that Easter was the first Sunday after the first official full moon on or after the official vernal equinox (21 March). Easter dates from 1583 on are given according to the Gregorian calendar reform of 15 Oct 1582, and are calculated with the official full moon. Many countries, however, adopted the Gregorian calendar only much later, and some protestant countries temporarily based their Easter computus not on the 'official' but on the actual full moon.
This information is reprinted from the Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac, P. Kenneth Seidelmann, editor, with permission from University Science Books, Sausalito, CA 94965.
1. Introduction
A calendar is a system of organizing units of time for the purpose of reckoning time over extended periods. By convention, the day is the smallest calendrical unit of time; the measurement of fractions of a day is classified as timekeeping. The generality of this definition is due to the diversity of methods that have been used in creating calendars. Although some calendars replicate astronomical cycles according to fixed rules, others are based on abstract, perpetually repeating cycles of no astronomical significance. Some calendars are regulated by astronomical observations, some carefully and redundantly enumerate every unit, and some contain ambiguities and discontinuities. Some calendars are codified in written laws; others are transmitted by oral tradition.
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According to a recent estimate (Fraser, 1987), there are about forty calendars used in the world today. This chapter is limited to the half-dozen principal calendars in current use. Furthermore, the emphasis of the chapter is on function and calculation rather than on culture.
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- 1.1 Astronomical Bases of Calendars
- 1.2 Nonastronomical Bases of Calendars: the Week
- 1.3 Calendar Reform and Accuracy
- 1.4 Historical Eras and Chronology
- 2. The Gregorian Calendar
- 2.1 Rules for Civil Use
- Table 2.1.1 - Months of the Gregorian Calendar
- 1. January 31 | 2. February 28* | 3. March 31 | 4. April 30 | 5. May 31 | 6. June 30 | 7. July 31 | 8. August 31 | 9. September 30 | 10. October 31 | 11. November 30 | 12. December 31
- 2.2 Ecclesiastical Rules
- 2.3 History of the Gregorian Calendar
- The recommendations of Pope Gregory's calendar commission were instituted by the papal bull "Inter Gravissimus," signed on 1582 February 24. Ten days were deleted from the calendar, so that 1582 October 4 was followed by 1582 October 15, thereby causing the vernal equinox of 1583 and subsequent years to occur about March 21. And a new table of New Moons and Full Moons was introduced for determining the date of Easter.
- 3. The Hebrew Calendar
- Table 3.1.1 - Classification of Years in the Hebrew Calendar
- Table 3.1.2 - Months of the Hebrew Calendar
- 1. Tishri 30 | 2. Heshvan 29* | 3. Kislev 30 | 4. Tevet 29 | 5. Shevat 30 | 6. Adar 29 | 7. Nisan 30 | 8. Iyar 29 | 9. Sivan 30 | 10. Tammuz 29 | 11. Av 30 | 12. Elul 29
- Table 3.1.3 - Terminology of the Hebrew Calendar Deficient (haser) month: a month comprising 29 days.
- 3.1.1 Determining Tishri 1
- Table 3.1.1.1 - Lunation Constants for Determining Tishri 1 Lunations Weeks-Days-Hours-Halakim
- 3.1.2 Reasons for the Dehiyyot
- 3.1.3 Determining the Length of the Year
- 3.2 History of the Hebrew Calendar
- 4. The Islamic Calendar
- 4.1 Rules
- Table 4.1.1 - Months of Tabular Islamic Calendar
- 1. Muharram 30 | 2. Safar 29 | 3. Rabi'a I 30 | 4. Rabi'a II 29 | 5. Jumada I 30 | 6. Jumada II 29 | 7. Rajab 30 | 8. Sha'ban 29 | 9. Ramadan 30 | 10. Shawwal 29 | 11. Dhu al-Q'adah 30 | 12. Dhu al-Hijjah 29*
- 4.2 History of the Islamic Calendar
- 5. The Indian Calendar
- 5.1 Rules for Civil Use
- Table 5.1.1 - Months of the Indian Civil Calendar Days Correlation of Indian/Gregorian
- 1. Caitra 30* Caitra 1 March 22* | 2. Vaisakha 31 Vaisakha 1 April 21 | 3. Jyaistha 31 Jyaistha 1 May 22 | 4. Asadha 31 Asadha 1 June 22 | 5. Sravana 31 Sravana 1 July 23 | 6. Bhadra 31 Bhadra 1 August 23 | 7. Asvina 30 Asvina 1 September 23 | 8. Kartika 30 Kartika 1 October 23 | 9. Agrahayana 30 Agrahayana 1 November 22 | 10. Pausa 30 Pausa 1 December 22 | 11. Magha 30 Magha 1 January 21 | 12. Phalguna 30 Phalguna 1 February 20
- 5.2 Principles of the Religious Calendar
- Table 5.2.1 - Solar Months of the Indian Religious Calendar Sun's Longitude Approx. Duration Approx. Greg. Date
- deg min d
- 1. Vaisakha 23 15 30.9 Apr. 13 | 2. Jyestha 53 15 31.3 May 14 | 3. Asadha 83 15 31.5 June 14 | 4. Sravana 113 15 31.4 July 16 | 5. Bhadrapada 143 15 31.0 Aug. 16 | 6. Asvina 173 15 30.5 Sept. 16 | 7. Kartika 203 15 30.0 Oct. 17 | 8. Margasirsa 233 15 29.6 Nov. 16 | 9. Pausa 263 15 29.4 Dec. 15 | 10. Magha 293 15 29.5 Jan. 14 | 11. Phalgura 323 15 29.9 Feb. 12 | 12. Caitra 353 15 30.3 Mar. 14
- 5.3 History of the Indian Calendar
- 6. The Chinese Calendar
- Table 6.1.1 - Chinese Sexagenary Cycle of Days and Years
- Celestial Stems
- 1. jia | 2. yi | 3. bing | 4. ding | 5. wu | 6. ji | 7. geng | 8. xin | 9. ren | 10. gui
- Earthly Branches
- 1. zi (rat) | 2. chou (ox) | 3. yin (tiger) | 4. mao (hare) | 5. chen (dragon) | 6. si (snake) | 7. wu (horse) | 8. wei (sheep) | 9. shen (monkey) | 10. you (fowl) | 11. xu (dog) | 12. hai (pig)
- Year Names
- 1. jia-zi | 2. yi-chou | 3. bing-yin | 4. ding-mao | 5. wu-chen | 6. ji-si | 7. geng-wu | 8. xin-wei | 9. ren-shen | 10. gui-you | 11. jia-xu | 12. yi-hai | 13. bing-zi | 14. ding-chou | 15. wu-yin | 16. ji-mao | 17. geng-chen | 18. xin-si | 19. ren-wu | 20. gui-wei | 21. jia-shen | 22. yi-you | 23. bing-xu | 24. ding-hai | 25. wu-zi | 26. ji-chou | 27. geng-yin | 28. xin-mao | 29. ren-chen | 30. gui-si | 31. jia-wu | 32. yi-wei | 33. bing-shen | 34. ding-you | 35. wu-xu | 36. ji-hai | 37. geng-zi | 38. xin-chou | 39. ren-yin | 40. gui-mao | 41. jia-chen | 42. yi-si | 43. bing-wu | 44. ding-wei | 45. wu-shen | 46. ji-you | 47. geng-xu | 48. xin-hai | 49. ren-zi | 50. gui-chou | 51. jia-yin | 52. yi-mao | 53. bing-chen | 54. ding-si | 55. wu-wu | 56. ji-wei | 57. geng-shen | 58. xin-you | 59. ren-xu | 60. gui-hai
- 6.1 Rules
- The sixty-year cycle consists of a set of year names that are created by pairing a name from a list of ten Celestial Stems with a name from a list of twelve Terrestrial Branches, following the order specified in Table 6.1.1. The Celestial Stems are specified by Chinese characters that have no English translation; the Terrestrial Branches are named after twelve animals. After six repetitions of the set of stems and five repetitions of the branches, a complete cycle of pairs is completed and a new cycle begins. The initial year (jia-zi) of the current cycle began on 1984 February 2.
- Table 6.1.2 - Chinese Solar Terms Term* Name Sun's Longitude Approx. Greg. Date Duration
- S-1 Lichun Beginning of Spring 315 Feb. 4 | P-1 Yushui Rain Water 330 Feb. 19 29.8 | S-2 Jingzhe Waking of Insects 345 Mar. 6 | P-2 Chunfen Spring Equinox 0 Mar. 21 30.2 | S-3 Qingming Pure Brightness 15 Apr. 5 | P-3 Guyu Grain Rain 30 Apr. 20 30.7 | S-4 Lixia Beginning of Summer 45 May 6 | P-4 Xiaoman Grain Full 60 May 21 31.2 | S-5 Mangzhong Grain in Ear 75 June 6 | P-5 Xiazhi Summer Solstice 90 June 22 31.4 | S-6 Xiaoshu Slight Heat 105 July 7 | P-6 Dashu Great Heat 120 July 23 31.4 | S-7 Liqiu Beginning of Autumn 135 Aug. 8 | P-7 Chushu Limit of Heat 150 Aug. 23 31.1 | S-8 Bailu White Dew 165 Sept. 8 | P-8 Qiufen Autumnal Equinox 180 Sept. 23 30.7 | S-9 Hanlu Cold Dew 195 Oct. 8 | P-9 Shuangjiang Descent of Frost 210 Oct. 24 30.1 | S-10 Lidong Beginning of Winter 225 Nov. 8 | P-10 Xiaoxue Slight Snow 240 Nov. 22 29.7 | S-11 Daxue Great Snow 255 Dec. 7 | P-11 Dongzhi Winter Solstice 270 Dec. 22 29.5 | S-12 Xiaohan Slight Cold 285 Jan. 6 | P-12 Dahan Great Cold 300 Jan. 20 29.5
- * Terms are classified as Sectional (Jieqi) or Principal (Zhongqi), followed by the number of the term.
- 6.2 History of the Chinese Calendar
- 7. Julian Day Numbers and Julian Date
- 8. The Julian Calendar
- 8.1 Rules
- 8.2 History of the Julian Calendar
- 10. References
religious dates for Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, Sikkism from the Open University
...
Wann beginnt das neue Jahr im Jüdischen Kalender? Warum begehen Orthodoxe Kirchen das Weihnachtsfest im Januar? Auf welches Datum fällt in diesem Jahr Ostern? Antworten auf diese und viele andere Fragen sind in diesem Projekt zu finden. Die behandelten Kalender reichen vom altägyptischen über den römischen und den Französischen Revolutionskalender bis zum heute meistverbreiteten Gregorianischen Kalender. Zum Umrechnen von Daten der verschiedenen Kalender wird ein Kalender-Rechner zur Verfügung gestellt. Schließlich beinhaltet das Projekt einen Abschnitt zur Berechnung des Osterfests sowie einen Osterrechner, mit dem das Osterdatum eines gegebenen Jahres berechnet werden kann.
Inhalt/Sitemap: Grundlagen der Zeitrechnung | Ägyptischer Kalender | Römischer Kalender | Julianischer Kalender | Gregorianischer Kalender | Mädler-Vorschlag u. Neujulianischer Kalender | Berechnung des Osterfestes | Osterrechner | Persischer Kalender | Jüdischer Kalender | Umrechnungstabellen (Jüdischer Kalender) | Islamischer Kalender | Indische Kalender | Kalender der Maya | Französischer Revolutionskalender | Julianisches Datum | OF-Kalender ;-) | Epochen und Ären | Kalenderberechnungen | Kalender-Rechner | Literaturstellen | Kalender-Links | Glossar | Log | Autor
...
In the earliest times, human beings calculated time by observing the periods of light and darkness that alternated continuously. The solar day is considered the earliest form of the calendar. The second basic type of calendar was the arbitrary calendar, which was created by counting the number of days over and over again, either towards infinity or in a cycle. Nonetheless, there were several problems with the arbitrary calendar. Firstly, farmers of early civilizations could not calculate the perfect time to plant their crops. Crop planting is an activity that is closely linked to the seasons, and the arbitrary calendar was not based on the durations of seasons. Therefore, humans began to observe the sun’s passage through a fixed point, and this practice was the precursor of the solar calendar. Calendars that were based on lunar and stellar cycles were also used in the ancient times.
...
"Computer Pals Across the World" ("CPAW") is a non-profit global educational electronic network, which was co-founded in 1983 by Dr. Malcolm Beazley AM, an Australian educator, and James Erwin, a computer consultant from the USA.
Computer Pals provides opportunities for people in educational and community institutions to share their experiences, ideas and knowledge in a variety of collaborative learning environments to enhance global understanding. It is operated and managed in over twenty countries by dedicated educators and citizens who donate their voluntary services and expertise.
JanuaryFebruary:
- 1 Republic of Slovakia National Day
- 22 Ukraine Independence Day
- 26 Australia Day (c. 2001 by Paul McGough - The Hutchins School, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia)
March:
- 4 Sri Lanka Independence Day
- 6 New Zealand National Day
- 16 Lithuania Independence Day
- 24 Estonia National Day
April
- 1 Wales, St. David's Day
- 6 Ghana Independence Day
- 8 International Women's Day
- 12 Mauritius National Day
- 15 Hungary, Independence Day
- 17 Ireland, St. Patrick's Day
May
- 4 Senegal National Day
- 7 World Health Day (Host school wanted)
- 16 Denmark National Day
- 17 Syrian Arab Republic National Day
- 18 Zimbabwe National Day
- 23 England, St. George's Day (unofficial)
- 26 United Republic of Tanzania
- 27 Sierra Leone National Day
- 27 South Africa Freedom Day
- 27 Togo National Day
June
- 3 Poland National Day
- 12 International Nurses Day
- 17 Norway Constitution Day
- 25 Africa Day
- 25 Argentina National Day
- 25 Jordan National Day
- 26 Georgia Independence Day
- 30 Croatia National Day
- 30 Israel National Day
July
- 1 Samoa National Day
- 2 Italy National Day
- 5 World Environment Day
- 6 Sweden National Day
- 8 Norfolk Island Bounty Day
- 10 Portugal National Day
- 12 Philippines National Day
- 12 Russian Federation National Day
- 17 Iceland National Day
- 18 Seychelles National Day
- 23 Luxembourg National Day
- 25 Mozambique National Day
- 25 Slovenia National Day
- 30 Democratic Republic of the Congo
August
- 1 Canada National Day
- 4 United States Independence Day
- 14 France National Day
- 20 Columbia Independence Day
- 21 Belgium National Day
- 28 Peru Independence Day
September
- 1 Switzerland National Day
- 2 Macedonia Independence Day
- 9 Singapore National Day
- 14 Pakistan Independence Day
- 15 India Independence Day
- 17 Indonesia National Day
- 20 Hungary, St. Stephen's Day
- 25 Uruguay National Day
- 31 Malaysia National Day
October
- 15 International Day of Peace
- 16 Mexico Independence Day
- 16 Papua New Guinea Independence Day
- 21 Malta Independence Day
- 23 Armenia Independence Day
November
- 1 International Day For the Elderly
- 3 Germany Unification Day
- 4 World Animal Day
- 10 Fiji Independence Day
- 12 Spain National Day
- 24 United Nations Day
- 26 Austria National Day
- 28 Czech Republic National Day
- 28 Universal Children's Day
- 29 Turkey National Day
December
- 18 Latvia National Day
- 22 Lebanon National Day
- 28 Albania National Day
- 30 Scotland, St. Andrew's Day
- 1 Romania Unification Day
- 5 Thailand National Day
- 6 Finland Independence Day
- 10 Human Rights Day
- 2008-2017 - Second United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty A/RES/62/205
- 2006-2016 - Decade of Recovery and Sustainable Development of the Affected Regions (third decade after the Chernobyl disas=ter) A/RES/62/9
- 2005-2015 - International Decade for Action, “Water for Life” A/RES/58/217
- 2005-2014 - United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development A/RES/57/254
- 2005-2014 - Second International Decade of the World’s Indigenous People A/RES/59/174
- 2003-2012 - United Nations Literacy Decade: Education for All A/RES/56/116
- 2001-2010 - International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-violence for the Children of the World A/RES/59/143
- 2001-2010 - Decade to Roll Back Malaria in Developing Countries, Particularly in Africa A/RES/60/221
- 2001-2010 - Second International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism A/RES/55/146
- 1997–2006 - Decade for The Eradication for Poverty A/RES/50/107
- 1995–2004 - Decade for Human Rights Education A/RES/49/184
- 1994–2004 - Decade of the World's Indigenous People A/RES/48/163
- 1993–2003 - Third Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination A/RES/48/91
- 1991–2000 - Second Industrial Development Decade for Africa A/RES/44/237 A/RES/47/177
- 1991–2000 - Second Transport and Communications Decade in Africa A/RES/43/179
- 1991–2000 - United Nations Decade Against Drug Abuse A/RES/S-17/2
- 1991–2000 - Fourth United Nations Development Decade A/RES/45/199
- 1990–2000 - International Decade for the Eradification of Colonialism A/RES/43/47
- 1990–1999 - United Nations Decade of International Law A/RES/44/23
- 1990–1999 - International Decade for Natural Disas=ter Reduction A/RES/42/169 A/RES/44/236
- 1990s - Third Disarmament Decade A/RES/43/78 L A/RES/45/62 A
- 1988–1997 - World Decade for Cultural Development A/RES/41/187
- 1983–1993 - Second Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination A/RES/38/14
- 1983–1992 - United Nations Decade for Disabled Persons A/RES/37/53
- 1981–1990 - International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade A/RES/35/18
- 1981–1990 - Third United Nations Development Decade A/RES/35/56
- 1980–1990 - Second Disarmament Decade A/RES/35/46
- 1980s - Industrial Development Decade for Africa A/RES/35/66 B
- 1978–1988 - Transport and Communications Decade for Africa A/RES/32/160
- 1976–1985 - United Nations Decade for Women: Equality, Development and Peace A/RES/3520 (XXX)
- 1973–1983 - Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination A/RES/2919 (XXVII)
- 1971–1980 - Second United Nations Development Decade A/RES/2626 (XXV)
- 1970s - Disarmament Decade A/RES/2602 E (XXIV)
- 1960–1970 - United Nations Development Decade A/RES/1710 (XVI)
...
The following pages contain information on United Nations conferences and special observances scheduled for 2005 and ensuing years, listed by theme. Under each subject heading, conferences and meetings are listed first, followed by special decades, years, weeks and days, in that order.
...
- 2011 - International Year of Chemistry A/RES/63/209
- 2011 - International Year of Forests A/RES/61/193
- 2010 - International Year for the Rapprochement of Cultures A/RES/62/90
- 2010 - International Year of Biodiversity A/RES/61/203
- 2009 - International Year of Reconciliation A/RES/61/17
- 2009 - International Year of Natural Fibres A/RES/61/189
- 2009 - International Year of Human Rights Learning (beginning on 10 December 2008) A/RES/62/171
- 2009 - International Year of Astronomy A/RES/62/200
- 2008 - International Year of Planet Earth A/RES/60/192
- 2008 - International Year of Languages A/RES/61/266
- 2008 - International Year of Sanitation A/RES/61/192
- 2008 - Year of the Gorilla (UNEP and UNESCO)
- 2008 - International Year of the Potato A/RES/60/191
- 2007 - 2007-2008 International Polar Year (WMO)
- 2005 - International Year of Microcredit A/RES/53/197
- 2005 - International Year for Sport and Physical Education A/RES/58/5
- 2005 - International Year of Physics A/RES/58/293
- 2004 - International Year to Commemorate the Struggle against Slavery and its Abolition A/RES/57/195
- 2004 - International Year of Rice A/RES/57/162
- 2003 - Year of Kyrgyz Statehood A/RES/57/248
- 2003 - International Year of Freshwater A/RES/55/196
- 2002 - United Nations Year for Cultural Heritage A/RES/56/8
- 2002 - International Year of Mountains A/RES/53/24
- 2002 - International Year of Ecotourism A/RES/53/200
- 2001 - United Nations Year of Dialogue among Civilizations A/RES/53/22
- 2001 - International Year of Volunteers A/RES/52/17
- 2000 - International Year of Thanksgiving A/RES/52/16
- 2000 - International Year for the Culture of Peace A/RES/52/15
- 1999 - International Year of Older Persons A/RES/47/5 A/RES/50/141
- 1998 - International Year of the Ocean A/RES/49/131
- 1996 - International Year for the Eradication of Poverty A/RES/48/183
- 1995 - United Nations Year for Tolerance A/RES/48/126
- 1995 - World Year of Peoples’ Commemoration of the Victims of the Second World War A/RES/49/25
- 1994 - International Literacy Year A/RES/44/82
- 1994 - International Year of Sport and the Olympic Ideal A/RES/48/10
- 1993 - International Year for the World's Indigenous People A/RES/45/164 A/RES/47/75
- 1992 - International Space Year A/RES/44/46
- 1990 - International Litercay Year A/RES/42/104
- 1987 - International Year of Shelter for The Homeless A/RES/36/71 A/RES/37/221
- 1986 - International Year of Peace A/RES/37/16 A/RES/40/3
- 1985 - Year of The United Nations A/RES/39/161 A
- 1985 - International Youth Year: Participation, Development, Peace A/RES/34/151
- 1983 - Wolrd Communications Year; Development of Communication Infrastructures A/RES/36/40
- 1982 - International Year of Mobilization for Sanctions Against South Africa A/RES/36/172 B
- 1981 - International Year for Disabled Persons A/RES/31/123
- 1979 - International Year of The Child A/RES/31/169
- 1978/79 - International Anti-Apartheid Year A/RES/32/105 B
- 1975 - International Women's Year A/RES/3010 (XXVII)
- 1974 - World Population Year A/RES/2683 (XXV)
- 1971 - International Year for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Prejudice A/RES/2544 (XXIV)
- 1970 - International Education Year A/RES/2306 (XXII) A/RES/2412 (XXIII)
- 1968 - International Year for Human Rights A/RES/2081 (XX)
- 1967 - International Tourist Year A/RES/2148 (XXI)
- 1965 - International Co-operation Year A/RES/1907 (XVIII)
- 1961 - International Health and Medical Research Year A/RES/1283 (XIII)
- 1959/60 - World Refugee Year A/RES/1285 (XIII)
- March
- 21-27 March Week of Solidarity with the Peoples Struggling against Racism and Racial Discrimination A/RES/34/24
- April
- 23-29 April 2007 UN Global Road Safety Week
- Last week of April Global Action Week on Education (UNICEF)
- May
- 25-31 May Week of Solidarity with the Peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories A/RES/54/91
- August
- 1-7 August World Breastfeeding Week (WHO)
- October
- 4-10 October World Space Week A/RES/54/68
- 24-30 October Disarmament Week A/RES/S-10/2, p. 102
JanuaryFebruary
- 27 January International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust A/RES/60/7
March
- 4 February World Cancer Day [WHO] A/RES/62/10
- 20 February World Day of Social Justice A/RES/62/10
- 21 February International Mother Language Day [UNESCO] A/RES/56/262
April
- 8 March International Women's Day | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 —
- 21 March International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination A/RES/2142 (XXI)
- 21 March World Poetry Day [UNESCO] —
- 22 March World Water Day | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 A/RES/47/193
- 23 March World Meteorological Day [WMO] WMO/EC-XII/Res.6
- 24 March World Tuberculosis Day [WHO] WMO/EC-XII/Res.6
- 25 March International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade - 2009 | 2008 A/RES/62/122
May
- 2 April World Autism Awareness Day A/RES/62/139
- 4 April International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action A/RES/60/97
- 7 April World Health Day [WHO] WHA/A.2/Res.35
- 22 April International Mother Earth Day A/RES/63/278
- 23 April World Book and Copyright Day [UNESCO] Resolution 3.18 of the 28th session of the UNESCO General Conference
- 25 April World Malaria Day [WHO] —
- 26 April World Intellectual Property Day [WIPO] —
- 28 April World Day for Safety and Health at Work [ILO] —
June
- 3 May World Press Freedom Day | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 A/DEC/48/432
- 8-9 May Time of Remembrance and Reconciliation for Those Who Lost Their Lives during the Second World War A/RES/59/26
- 9-10 May World Migratory Bird Day [UNEP] —
- 15 May International Day of Families | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 A/RES/47/237
- 17 May World Telecommunication and Information Society Day 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 A/RES/60/252
- 21 May World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development A/RES/57/249
- 22 May International Day for Biological Diversity A/RES/55/201
- 29 May International Day of UN Peacekeepers | 2009 | 2008 - 60th Anniversary of UN Peacekeeping | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 A/RES/57/129
- 31 May World No-Tobacco Day [WHO] | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 Resolution 42.19 of the 42nd session of WHO
July
- 4 June International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression A/RES/ES-7/8
- 5 June World Environment Day | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 A/RES/2994 (XXVII)
- 8 June World Oceans Day A/RES/63/111
- 12 June World Day Against Child Labour [ILO] | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 —
- 14 June World Blood Donor Day [WHO] | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 WHA58.13
- 20 June World Refugee Day A/RES/55/76
- 23 June United Nations Public Service Day A/RES/57/277
- 26 June International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking A/RES/42/112
- 26 June United Nations International Day in Support of Victims of Torture A/RES/52/149
August
- First Saturday of July International Day of Cooperatives A/RES/47/90
- 11 July World Population Day UNDP decision 89/46
September
- 9 August International Day of the World's Indigenous People | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 A/RES/49/214
- 12 August International Youth Day A/RES/54/120
- 19 August World Humanitarian Day A/RES/63/139
- 23 August International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and Its Abolition [UNESCO] Decision 8.2 of the 150th session of the UNESCO Executive Board
October
- 8 September International Literacy Day [UNESCO] Resolution 1.141 of the 14th session of the UNESCO General Conference
- 10 September World Suicide Prevention Day [WHO] —
- 16 September International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer A/RES/49/114
- 21 September International Day of Peace | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 A/RES/36/67 A/RES/55/282
- 27 September World Tourism Day [WTO] —
- 27 September World Heart Day [WHO] —
- 28 September World Rabies Day [WHO] —
- Last week of September World Maritime Day [IMO] (24 September) IMCO/C XXXVIII/21
November
- 1 October International Day of Older Persons | 2009 | 2006 | 2005 | 2002 A/RES/45/106
- 2 October International Day of Non-Violence | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 A/RES/61/271
- 5 October World Teachers’ Day [UNESCO] UNESCOPRESSE, vol.4, no.17, p.9
- First Monday in October World Habitat Day (5 October) | 2009 | 2008 A/RES/40/202 A
- Second Wednesday in October International Day for Natural Disas=ter Reduction (14 October) A/RES/44/236
- Second Thursday in October World Sight Day [WHO] (8 October) —
- 9 October World Post Day [UPU] UPU/Tokyo Congress 1969/Res.C.11
- 10 October World Mental Health Day [WHO] —
- 15 October International Day of Rural Women A/RES/62/136
- 16 October World Food Day A/RES/35/70
- 17 October International Day for the Eradication of Poverty 2009 | 2006 | 2004 | 2002 A/RES/47/196
- 24 October United Nations Day | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2001 A/RES/168 (II) A/RES/2782 (XXVI)
- 24 October World Development Information Day A/RES/3038 (XXVII)
- 27 October World Day for Audiovisual Heritage [UNESCO] —
December
- 6 November International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed Conflict A/RES/56/4
- 10 November World Science Day for Peace and Development [UNESCO] —
- 14 November World Diabetes Day [WHO] A/RES/61/225
- 16 November International Day for Tolerance Resolution 5.61
- of the 28th session of the UNESCO General Conference A/RES/51/95
- Third Sunday in November World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims (16 November) A/RES/60/5
- 19 November World Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Day [WHO] —
- Third Thursday in November World Philosophy Day [UNESCO] —
- 20 November Universal Children’s Day —
- 20 November Africa Industrialization Day A/RES/44/237
- 21 November World Television Day A/RES/51/205
- 25 November International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women | 2008 | 2007 | 2005 A/RES/54/134
- 29 November International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People A/RES/32/40B
- 1 December World AIDS Day | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2001 | 2000 —
- 2 December International Day for the Abolition of Slavery —
- 3 December International Day of Persons with Disabilities A/RES/47/3
- 5 December International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development A/RES/40/212
- 7 December International Civil Aviation Day [ICAO] A/RES/51/33
- 9 December International Anti-Corruption Day A/RES/58/4
- 10 December Human Rights Day | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 A/RES/423 (V)
- 11 December International Mountain Day A/RES/57/245
- 18 December International Migrants Day A/RES/55/93
- 19 December United Nations Day for South-South Cooperation A/RES/58/220
- 20 December International Human Solidarity Day A/RES/60/209
JanvierFévrier
- Journée internationale dédiée à la mémoire des victimes de l'Holocauste (27 janvier)
Mars
- Journée mondiale contre le cancer (4 février)
- Semaine mondiale de l’harmonie interconfessionnelle (première semaine de février)
- Journée mondiale de la justice sociale (20 février)
- Journée internationale de la langue maternelle (21 février)
Avril
- Journée des Nations Unies pour les droits de la femme et la paix internationale, ou Journée internationale de la femme (8 mars)
- Journée de la langue française aux Nations Unies (20 mars)
- Journée internationale pour l'élimination de la discrimination raciale (21 mars)
- Semaine de solidarité avec les peuples en lutte contre le racisme et la discrimination raciale (21-27 mars)
- Journée mondiale de la poésie (21 mars)
- Journée internationale du Novruz (21 mars)
- Journée mondiale de l'eau (22 mars)
- Journée météorologique mondiale (23 mars)
- Journée internationale pour le droit à la vérité en ce qui concerne les violations flagrantes des droits de l’homme et pour la dignité des victimes (24 mars)
- Journée mondiale de la tuberculose (24 mars)
- Journée de solidarité avec les fonctionnaires détenus ou portés disparus (25 mars)
- Journée internationale de commémoration des victimes de l’esclavage et de la traite transatlantique des esclaves (25 mars)
Mai
- Journée mondiale de sensibilisation à l'autisme (2 avril)
- Journée internationale pour la sensibilisation aux mines et l'assistance à la lutte antimines (4 avril)
- Journée internationale de réflexion sur le génocide au Rwanda (7 avril)
- Journée mondiale de la santé (7 avril)
- Journée internationale du vol spatial habité (12 avril)
- Journée de la langue chinoise aux Nations Unies (20 avril)
- Journée internationale de la Terre nourricière (22 avril)
- Journée de la langue anglaise aux Nations Unies (23 avril)
- Journée mondiale du livre et du droit d'auteur (23 avril)
- Journée mondiale contre le paludisme (25 avril)
- Journée mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle (26 avril)
- Journée mondiale pour la sécurité et la santé au travail (28 avril)
- Journée du souvenir dédiée à toutes les victimes de la guerre chimique (29 avril)
Juin
- Journée mondiale de la liberté de la presse (3 mai)
- Journées du souvenir et de la réconciliation en l'honneur des morts de la Seconde guerre mondiale (8-9 mai)
- Journée mondiale des oiseaux migrateurs (14-15 mai) EN
- Journée internationale des familles (15 mai)
- Journée du Vesak (17 mai)
- Journée mondiale des télécommunications et de la société de l'information (17 mai)
- Journée mondiale de la diversité culturelle pour le dialogue et le développement (21 mai)
- Journée internationale de la diversité biologique (22 mai)
- Semaine de la solidarité avec les peuples des territoires non autonomes (25-31 mai)
- Journée internationale des Casques bleus des Nations Unies (29 mai)
- Journée mondiale sans tabac (31 mai)
Juillet
- Journée internationale des enfants victimes innocentes de l'agression (4 juin)
- Journée mondiale de l'environnement (5 juin)
- Journée de la langue russe aux Nations Unies (6 juin) RU
- Journée mondiale de l'océan (8 juin)
- Journée mondiale contre le travail des enfants (12 juin)
- Journée mondiale du don de sang (14 juin)
- Journée mondiale de la lutte contre la désertification et la sécheresse (17 juin)
- Journée mondiale des réfugiés (20 juin)
- Journée des Nations Unies pour la fonction publique (23 juin)
- Journée internationale des veuves (23 juin)
- Journée des gens de mer (25 juin) EN
- Journée internationale pour le soutien aux victimes de la torture (26 juin)
- Journée internationale contre l'abus et le trafic de drogues (26 juin)
Août
- Journée internationale des coopératives (2 juillet)
- Journée mondiale de la population (11 juillet)
- Journée internationale Nelson Mandela (18 juillet)
- Journée internationale de l'amitié (30 juillet)
Septembre
- Semaine mondiale de l'allaitement maternel (1-7 août)
- Journée internationale des populations autochtones (9 août)
- Journée internationale de la jeunesse (12 août)
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Décembre
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- 2009 - 20th Anniversary of the Adoption by the General Assembly of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
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- 2008 - 60th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- 2005 - 60th Anniversary of the San Francisco Conference
- 2005 - 60th Anniversary of the UN
- 2005 - 60th Anniversary of the UN Charter
- 1998 - 50th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- 1995 - 50th Anniversary of the UN
Abstract
This document defines a profile of "ISO 8601", the "International Standard for the representation of dates and times". ISO 8601 describes a large number of date/time formats. To reduce the scope for error and the complexity of software, it is useful to restrict the supported formats to a small number. This profile defines a few date/time formats, likely to satisfy most requirements.
...
where:
- Year: YYYY (eg 1997)
- Year and month: YYYY-MM (eg 1997-07)
- Complete date: YYYY-MM-DD (eg 1997-07-16)
- Complete date plus hours and minutes: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mmTZD (eg 1997-07-16T19:20+01:00)
- Complete date plus hours, minutes and seconds: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ssTZD (eg 1997-07-16T19:20:30+01:00)
- Complete date plus hours, minutes, seconds and a decimal fraction of a second: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss.sTZD (eg 1997-07-16T19:20:30.45+01:00)
- YYYY = four-digit year
- MM = two-digit month (01=January, etc.)
- DD = two-digit day of month (01 through 31)
- hh = two digits of hour (00 through 23) (am/pm NOT allowed)
- mm = two digits of minute (00 through 59)
- ss = two digits of second (00 through 59)
- s = one or more digits representing a decimal fraction of a second
- TZD = time zone designator (Z or +hh:mm or -hh:mm)
The schedule of our lives is shaped by the movements of the earth, moon, and sun.
In ancient Rome, a priest observed the sky and announced a new moon cycle to the king. For centuries afterward, Romans referred to the first day of each new month as "Kalends" (from their word "calare", which means "to proclaim").
The word "calendar" derived from this custom.
Our Year
Calendars are normally based on astronomical events, and the two most important astronomical objects are the sun and the moon. Their cycles are very important in the construction and understanding of calendars.
Our concept of a year is based on the earth's motion around the sun. The time from one fixed point, such as a solstice or equinox, to the next is called a tropical year. Its length is currently 365.242190 days, but it varies. Around 1900 its length was 365.242196 days, and around 2100 it will be 365.242184 days. (This definition of the tropical year is not quite accurate, see section astronomic issues for more details.)
...
Years and Months:
Overview | Astronomy | Month of Moons | Today's Moon | History | Definitions | International
- What are different measures of the year?
- What are Equinoxes and Solstices?
- Did the church study astronomy?
- Didn’t the church condemn Galileo?
- How did the observatories work?
- How did Cassini prove Kepler was right?
- Has the year always started on 1 January?
- Then what about leap years?
- What is the origin of the names of the months?
- How did Dionysius date Christ’s birth?
- Was Jesus born in the year 0?
- Why do the 9th thru 12th months have names that mean 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th?
- Why does February have only 28 days?
- What years are leap years?
- Is there a 4000-year rule?
- Do the Greeks do it differently?
- What day is the leap day?
- What is the Solar Cycle?
- What is the Dominical Letter?
- When can I reuse my 1992 calendar?
- What is the correct way to write dates?
- How does one count years?
- When did the 3rd millenium start?
- What do A.D, B.C., C.E., and B.C.E. stand for?
- Historical eras & chronology
- What date format does the Standard mandate?
- What time format does the Standard mandate?
- What if I want to specify both a date and a time?
- What format does the Standard mandate for a time interval?
- Can I write BC dates and dates after the year 9999 using ISO 8601?
- Can I write dates in the Julian calendar using ISO 8601?
- Does the Standard define the Gregorian calendar?
- What does the Standard say about the week?
- Why are ISO 8601 dates not used in this Calendar FAQ?
- Where can I get the Standard?
A Variety of Calandars:
Overview | Chinese | Christian | Indian | Islamic | Jewish | Others | Ancient | French | Future | Mayan | Roman
Our seven day week has been used for millennia by the Christian, Jewish, Islamic, Persian and Chinese calendars, yet its origins are most uncertain.
- What Is the Origin of the 7-Day Week?
- What Do the Names of the Days of the Week Mean?
- What is the System behind the Planetary Day Names?
- Has the 7-Day Week Cycle Ever Been Interrupted?
- Which Day is the Day of Rest?
- What Is the First Day of the Week?
- What Is the Week Number?
- How can I calculate the week number?
- Do Weeks of Different Lengths Exist?
- What day was a certain date?
Timeline of interesting Calandar Facts
Welcher Wochentag ist am: |
Kurzbeschreibung
Viele Menschen wissen heute nicht mehr genau, warum wir welche Feiertage begehen oder welchen Ursprung die Gedenktage haben, die wir feiern. Welche Bedeutung haben religiöse Feiertage wie Fronleichnam oder Festtage Pfingsten? Und welchen Hintergrund haben die Feiertage anderer Religionen, von denen wir immer wieder hören? Auch der Ursprung von manchen Gedenktagen ist uns oft nicht klar, obwohl wir uns doch freuen, wenn wir an diesem Tag frei haben.
Der vorliegende Band aus der Reihe Chronik griffbereit stellt die wichtigsten Feier- und Gedenktage im Laufe des Jahres vor und gibt einen umfassenden Überblick über Geschichte, Praxis und heutige Bedeutung.
Über den Autor
Angela Kämper, geboren 1957 in Essen, arbeitete nach dem Abitur zunächst als Erzieherin, um im Weiteren Biologie zu studieren. Nach ihrer Promotion wurde sie freie Wissenschaftsautorin und Redakteurin. Dr. Angela Kämper lebt heute am Stadtrand von Hamburg, wo sie sich neben einheimischen Tieren und ihrer spirituellen Bedeutung mit der traditionellen chinesischen Medizin beschäftigt.
Religiöse und nationale Feiertage weltweit. Welche Bedeutung hat eigentlich Pfingsten? Welchen Ursprung hat Fronleichnam? Warum begehen Muslime den Fastenmonat Ramadan? Und wie feiert man das jüdische Laubhüttenfest? Dieser Band stellt Ursprung, Tradition und Praxis der wichtigsten religiösen Feier- und Gedenktage vor. Klar gegliedert nach den großen Weltreligionen Christentum, Islam, Judentum, Buddhismus und Hinduismus. Ein eigener Teil beschäftigt sich mit weltlichen Gedenktagen wie dem Tag der Arbeit, Muttertag, Christopher Street Day u.a.m.